卷子（五）Paper Five

美国运动会
American Sports

        美国是一个热爱运动的国家。
        The United States is a sports-loving nation.

美国的体育运动形式多种多样;
Sports in America take a variety of forms;


        有组织的竞技比赛，
        organized competitive struggles,

吸引大量的观众为他们喜欢的球队欢呼胜利;
which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory;

在任何有足够空间的地方进行体育活动;还有打猎和钓鱼。
athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing.

大多数运动都是季节性的，
Most sports are seasonal,

所以在体育运动中的项目取决于一年中的时间。
so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year.

有些运动被称为观众运动，
Some sports are called spectator sports,

因为观众的数量真的超过了参加比赛的人数。
as the number of spectators really exceeds the number playing in the game.


        棒球是美国最受欢迎的运动。
        Baseball is the most popular sport in the US.

整个春天和夏天都在比赛，
It is played throughout the spring and summer,

职业棒球队一直打到秋天。
and professional baseball teams play well into the fall.

虽然没有其他运动能和棒球完全一样，
Although no other game is exactly like baseball,

但也许和它最接近的是英国的板球运动
perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket(板球).


        足球是秋天最受欢迎的运动
        Football is the most popular sport in the fall.

这项运动起源于75年前的大学运动。
The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago.

美国几乎所有的学院和大学仍然在玩足球，
It is still played by almost every college and university in the country,

一些最大的大学足球场可以容纳多达8万人。
and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people.

它和欧洲足球或英式足球不一样。
The game is not the same as European football or soccer.

美式足球每队有11名队员，
In American football there are 11 players on each team,

他们穿着有衬垫的队服，戴着头盔，
and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets

因为比赛很激烈，容易受伤。
because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.


        篮球是美国学校和大学的冬季运动。
        Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges.

和足球一样，篮球起源于美国，在其他国家并不流行。
Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries.

与足球相比，许多美国人更喜欢篮球
Many Americans prefer it to football

因为它整个冬天都在室内进行，因为它是一项更快的运动。
because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.

这是一项非常受高中欢迎的运动，
It is a very popular game with high schools,

在20多个州，每年都会举行全州范围的高中比赛。
and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.


        其他观赏性运动包括摔跤、拳击和赛马。
        Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing.

虽然赛马迷称自己为运动员，
Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen,

这个词的准确性值得怀疑，
the accuracy of the term is questionable,

因为只有在比赛中骑马的骑师才能被认为是运动员。
as only the jockeys(骑师) who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes.

所谓运动员就是观众，
The so-called sportsmen are the spectators,

他们“聚集”主要不是为了看赛马，
who do not “assemble”(聚集) primarily to see the horses race,

而是对每场比赛的结果下注。
but to bet upon the outcome of each race.

赌博是赛马的吸引力所在。
Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.

在美国，打猎和钓鱼主要受到男女老少的喜爱。
1. Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old,in the US.
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given

职业棒球队从春季到秋季都打棒球。
2. The professional baseball teams play baseball from spring to fall.
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given

棒球和英国的板球运动有许多相似之处。
3. Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given

足球可以归类为一种观赏性运动。
4. Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given

许多美国人喜欢篮球胜过足球，因为后者太苛刻了，球员必须穿特殊的制服。
5. Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given

美国每年都会举办全国性的大学篮球比赛
6. Nation-wide university basketball matches are held yearly in the US
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given

赛马迷不能被视为运动员，因为他们是观众，他们的主要兴趣是赌博。
7. Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given

大多数运动都是一年四季进行的。
8. Most sports are played in all seasons.
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given

拳击是一项观赏性运动
9. Boxing is a spectator sport
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given

足球是美国最受欢迎的运动。
10. Football is the most popular sport in the US.
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given

电力
Electricity

        当今时代是电气时代。
        The modern age is an age of electricity.

人们对电灯、收音机、电视习以为常，
People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions,

还有电话，很难想象没有它们生活会是什么样子。
and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them.

停电时，人们在摇曳的烛光下摸索，
When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight,

汽车在道路上迟疑不前，因为没有红绿灯的指引，
cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them,

食物在安静的冰箱里也会变质。
and food spoils in silent refrigerators.

然而，人们只是在两个世纪前一点才开始了解电的使用原理。
Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago.

大自然显然在这一领域进行了数百万年的实验。
Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for millions of years.

科学家们正在发现越来越多的生物世界，有很多关电的有趣秘密，这些秘密可能有益于人类
Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.


        所有的活细胞都会发出微小的电脉冲。
        All living cells send out tiny pulses of electricity.

当心脏跳动时，会发出记录下来的脉冲;
As the heart beats,it sends out pulses of record;

它们形成了心电图，医生可以通过研究来确定心脏的工作状况。
they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working.

大脑也发出脑电波，这可以在脑电图上记录下来。
The brain, too,sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram.

大多数生物细胞发出的电流都是极微小的，
The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small,

小到要用灵敏仪器才能记录和测量。
often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them.

但一些动物的某些肌肉细胞能转化成一个发电机，
But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators

它们根本不像肌肉细胞那样工作。
that they do not work as muscle cells at all.

当大量这样的细胞连接在一起时，效果是惊人的。
When large numbers of these cells are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.


        电鳗是一种神奇的蓄电池。
        The electric eel is an amazing storage battery.

它能在水中发出相当于800伏特电压的电流。
It can send a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it lives.

(家里的电流只有120伏特。)
( An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts. )

在电鳗的身体里，多至五分之四的细胞都专门用来发电，
As many as four fifths of all the cells in the electric eel's body are specialized for generating electricity,

它所能传递的电力强度大致与它身体的长度相对应。
and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to the length of its body.

这篇文章的主旨是什么?
11. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Electric eels are potentially dangerous. 电鳗有潜在的危险。
B. Biology and electricity appear to be closely related. 生物学和电学似乎密切相关。
C. People would be at a loss without electricity. 没有电，人们会不知所措。
D. Scientists still have much to discover about electricity. 关于电，科学家们还有很多有待发现的地方。

作者提到了以下所有作为停电的结果，除了
12. The author mentions all of the following as results of a blackout EXCEPT
A. refrigerated food item may go bad 冷藏食品可能会变质
B. traffic lights do not work 交通灯不工作
C. people must rely on candlelight 人必须依赖烛光
D. elevators and escalators do not function 电梯和自动扶梯失灵

作者为什么提到电鳗?
13. Why does the author mention electric eels?
A. To warn the reader to stay away from them. 警告读者远离他们。
B. To compare their voltage to that used in houses. 将它们的电压与室内使用的电压进行比较。
C. To give an example of a living electrical generator. 举一个活生生的发电机的例子。
D. To describe a new source of electrical power 描述一种新的电力来源

一条电鳗能发出多少伏特的电流?
14. How many volts of electricity can an electric eel emit?
A. 800.
B. 600.
C. 200.
D. 120.

从文章中可以推断出，鳗鱼越长
15. It can be inferred from the passage that the longer an eel is the
A. more beneficial it will be to science 这将对科学更加有益
B. more powerful its electrical charge will be 它的电荷会更强大
C. easier it will be to find 更容易找到它
D. tougher it will be to eat 吃起来会更难

英国地方报纸
Local Newspapers in Britain

英国的全国性报纸发行量很大。
1. Britain has a large circulation(发行量) of the national newspapers.

《每日镜报》和《每日快报》的日销量都在400万份左右。
The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day.

平均来说，每个家庭早上会买一份报纸，
On average, every family will buy one newspaper in the morning,

星期天再买两三个。
and take two or three on Sundays.


在英国，地方报纸和全国性报纸一样受欢迎。
2. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain.

地方报纸每周的发行量为1300万份。
Local papers have a weekly circulation of 13 million.

几乎每个城镇和乡村地区都有自己的报纸，
Nearly every town and country area has its own paper,

而且几乎每一家地方报纸都在财政上保持着自己的地位。
and almost every local paper is financially holding its own.

许多地方报纸的利润都很好。
Many local newspapers are earning good profits.


地方报纸有自己的特色。
3. Local newspapers have their special characteristics.

他们主要满足对当地活动的兴趣——出生、婚礼、死亡、理事会会议和体育。
They mainly satisfy interest in local events--births, weddings, deaths, council meetings, and sports.

编辑们经常依赖一小群熟悉这个地区的人。
Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well.

附近的俱乐部和教堂定期为这些报纸提供大量当地新闻。
Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news.

地方新闻不会像国内新闻那样过时得快。
Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news.

如果本周的版面上没有空位，一条新闻可以保留到下周
If there is no room for it in this week's edition,a news item can be held over until the following week


地方报纸的编辑永远不会忘记任何报纸的成功都依赖于广告。
4. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising.

出于这个原因，他渴望保持当地商人的良好意愿。
For this reason, he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen.

如果报纸通过精心挑选的新闻来吸引当地读者，
If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers,

商人们会很感激该报给他们机会让他们的产品保持在公众的视线中。
the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye.

地方报纸很少对国家重要问题发表评论，
5. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance,

编辑们很少在政治问题上站队。
and editors rarely take sides on political questions.

但他们通常可以为社区提供服务，表达公众对当地问题的感受。
But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues.

一份报纸有时可以说服委员会采取行动改善交通，
A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport,

提供更好的购物设施，保护当地的古迹和名胜古迹。
provide better shopping facilities, and preserve local monuments and places of interest.

任务 1
Task 1

段落
16. Paragraph __1__. Large Circulation of the National Newspapers 全国性报纸的大发行量

17. Paragraph __2__. Popularity of Local Newspapers 地方报纸的受欢迎程度

18. Paragraph __3__. Special Features of Local Newspapers 地方报纸的特点

19. Paragraph __4__. Keeping Good Relations with Local Businessmen 与当地商人保持良好关系

20. Paragraph __5__. Service Provided by Local Newspapers 本地报纸提供的服务

A. Keeping Good Relations with Local Businessmen 与当地商人保持良好关系
B. Service Provided by Local Newspapers 本地报纸提供的服务
C. Large Circulation of the National Newspapers 全国性报纸的大发行量
D. Special Features of Local Newspapers 地方报纸特点
E. Power of Local Newspapers 地方报纸的力量
F. Popularity of Local Newspapers 地方报纸的受欢迎程度

任务 2
Task 2

英国人有早晨读报的习惯
21. British people have the habit of reading newspapers in the __morning__.

英国的许多地方报纸都赚了很多钱
22. Many local newspapers in Britain are making __a lot of money__.

当地报纸很受欢迎，因为它们刊登的文章让当地人高兴
23. Local newspapers are well received because they carry articles that please __local people__.

地方报纸很少对国家问题发表意见
24. Local newspapers rarely give opinions on __national issues__.

地方报纸可以表达公众对当地问题的看法
25. Local newspapers can __express public feeling on local issues__ for the community.

A. a lot of money 许多钱
B. express public feeling on local issues 表达公众对当地问题的看法
C. morning 早晨
D. local people 当地人
E. national issues 国家问题
F. local issues 地方问题

总统大选
Presidential Elections

        总统选举是每四年举行一次的重要事件。
        Presidential election is an important event that happens once every four years.

目前，总统总是从美国的两个主要政党中选出:
Currently, the president is always elected from one of the two main parties in the United States:

共和党和民主党
the Republicans and the Democrats.

还有其他总统候选人。
There are other presidential candidates.

然而，这些“第三党”候选人都不太可能获胜。
However,it is unlikely that any of these "third party" candidates will win.

这在过去的一百年里都没有发生过
__26 It certainly hasn't happened in the last one hundred years.__


        为了成为某个政党的总统候选人
        In order to become the presidential nominee(候选人) of a party,

这位候选人必须在初选中获胜。
the candidate must win the primary election.

初选在美国每个州都是在选举年的上半年举行。
Primary elections are held throughout each state in the United States in the first half of any election year.

然后代表们参加他们的党代会，以提名他们选择的候选人。
Then the delegates attend their party convention(政党代表大会) in order to nominate their chosen candidate.

通常，谁会被提名是显而易见的。
Usually, it's clear who will be the nominee.

然而，在过去，两党一直存在分歧，选择提名人一直是一个艰难的过程。
However, in the past parties have been divided and choosing a nominee has been a difficult process.


        一旦提名者被选定，他们就会在全国范围内进行竞选活动。
        Once the nominees have been selected, they campaign throughout the country.

为了更好地了解候选人的观点，通常会进行多次辩论。
A number of debates are usually held in order to better understand the candidates’ points of view.

这些观点往往反映了他们政党的政纲。
__27 These points of view often reflect their party's platform.__

一个政党的政纲能最高程度的描述一个政党所持有的一般信念和政策。
A party platform is best described as the general beliefs and policies that a party holds.

候选人乘飞机、公共汽车、火车或汽车在全国各地发表演讲。
Candidates cross the country by plane, bus, train or by car giving speeches.

这些演讲通常被称为“政治演说”
__28 These speeches are often called "stump speeches”__

在19世纪，候选人会站在树桩上发表演讲。
In the 19th century candidates would stand on tree stumps to deliver their speeches.

这些政治演说重复了候选人对国家的基本观点和愿望。
These stump speeches repeat the candidate's basic views and wishes for the country.

他们被每个候选人重复了数百次。
They are repeated many hundreds of times by each candidate.


        许多人认为，美国的竞选活动已经变得过于消极。
        Many people believe that campaigns in the United States have become too negative.

每天晚上你都能在电视上看到许多攻击性的广告。
__29 Each night you can see many attack ads on the television.__

这些简短的广告包含了常常歪曲事实的原声片断
These short ads contain sound bites which often distort(扭曲) the truth.


        美国的投票系统非常陈旧，有人说效率很低。
        The United States maintains an extremely old, and some say inefficient, voting system.

这种系统被称为总统选举团
This system is called the Electoral College(总统选举团).

每个州根据其在国会的参议员和众议员人数获得选举人票数。
Each state is assigned electoral votes based on the number of senators(参议员) and representatives that state has in Congress.

每个州有两名参议员
__30 Each state has two Senators.__

代表的人数由该州的人口决定，但从不少于一人。
The number of representatives is determined by the state's population, but is never less than one.

选举人的选票由每个州的普选决定。
The electoral votes are decided by the popular vote in each state.

一位候选人会赢得了一个州的所有选票。
One candidate wins all of the electoral votes in a state.

换句话说，俄勒冈州有8张选举人票。
In other words,Oregon has 8 electoral votes.

如果有100万人投票给共和党候选人，100万 + 10人投票给民主党候选人，
If 1 million people vote for the Republican candidate and one million and ten people vote for the Democratic candidate,

所有8张选举人票都将归民主党候选人所有。
all 8 electoral votes will go to the democratic candidate.

最后，很多人觉得这个系统应该被抛弃。
In the end, many people feel that this system should be abandoned.


A. Each night you can see many attack ads on the television. 每天晚上你都能在电视上看到许多攻击性的广告。
B. These speeches are often called "stump speeches” 这些演讲通常被称为“政治演说”
C. These points of view often reflect their party's platform. 这些观点往往反映了他们政党的政纲。
D. It certainly hasn't happened in the last one hundred years. 这在过去的一百年里肯定没有发生过。
E. Each state has two Senators. 每个州有两名参议员。
F. Parliamentary and presidential elections should then follow. 随后应该举行议会和总统选举。

女性与运动
Women and Sports

        如今，美国和其他许多国家的妇女参加越来越多的运动和游戏，
        Nowadays, women in the United States and many other countries participate in a growing number of sports and games,

当然，这是社会进步的象征。
which is a symbol of social progress, of course.

然而，情况并非总是如此。
This has not always been the case , however.

事实上，很长一段时间以来，女性在体育运动中并不像男性那么活跃
In fact, women have not been as __31 active__ in sports as men for a long time.

直到最近几年，女性才开始在这一领域赶上男性
Only in recent years have women begun to __32 catch__ up with men in this area.

直到20世纪，妇女才经常参加体育运动。
Until the 20th century, women did not often participate in sports.


        对此的部分解释是，女性根本没有时间。
        Part of the explanation for this is that women simply did not have time.

许多妇女做饭、打扫卫生、照顾孩子。
Many women cooked, cleaned, and took care of children.

他们太忙了，没有时间做运动。
They were so busy that they did not have time for sports.

第二个原因，尤其是在19世纪晚期，
A second reason, especially in the late nineteenth century,

那时候的女性形象是多病、精美的
is a woman's __33 image__ at that time was one of illness and __34 delicacy__.

一个女人参加任何体育活动都是不淑女的
It was unladylike for a woman to get __35 involved__ in any sports activity.


        现代社会对妇女的看法已经发生了变化
        There have been changes in the __36 view__ of women in the modern world,

体育界的变化也是如此。
and also changes within the world of sports.

这些变化使更多的妇女能够参加体育运动。
These changes __37 allowed__ many more women to participate in sports.

女人不再被认为是娇弱的。
Women are no longer __38 considered__ delicate.

人们不认为女性参加体育比赛是不淑女的。
People do not think it is unladylike for a woman to compete in sports.

相反，在体育活动中获胜的妇女受到高度重视
On the contrary , women who win in sports activities are __39 highly__ regarded.


        现在许多妇女参加各种各样的运动和游戏，并喜欢这样做。
        Many women now take part in sports and games of many __40 different__ kinds, and enjoy doing so.

这种发展在一定程度上是现代世界女性形象改变的结果
This development is partly the result of a change in the image of women in the modern world.

A. different 各种各样的
B. catch 赶上
C. allowed 允许
D. delicacy 纤弱
E. completely
F. involved 参与
G. highly 高度地
H. image 形象
I. view 看法
J. considered 认为
K. active 活跃
L. favorite 最受喜爱的

三种方法让你变得更有创造力
Three Ways to Become More Creative

        每个人都有想象力，但我们大多数人都忘记了如何获得它。
        Everyone has __41 imagination__(imagine), but most of us forget how to access it.

创造力并不总是伴随着伟大的想法
Creativity isn't always __42 connected__(connect) with great ideas.

人们在工作中经常会想出创造性的方法来解决问题
People at work __43 routinely__(routine) think of creative ways to solve problems.

也许你有一个棘手的问题要回答!这里有三个技巧。
Maybe you have a __44 tricky__(trick) question to answer! Here are three techniques for you.

这个技巧是把不相关的想法放在一起，并且找到它们之间的联系
This technique involves taking __45 unrelated__(relate) ideas and finding links between them.

首先，想想这个问题。然后找一个图像，例如，蜡烛。
First, think about the problem. Then find an image, for example, a candle.

写下所有与蜡烛有关的想法
Write down all the ideas __46 associated__(associate) with candles.

下一步是将这些想法与问题联系起来。
The next stage is to relate the ideas to the problem.

假设你想给朋友买一份新颖的礼物
So imagine you want to buy a friend an __47 original__ (origin) present;

你可以给他买比赛的票，或者带他出去过夜
you could buy him tickets to a match or take him out for the night.

想象正常的限制不存在。
Imagine that normal limitations don't exist.

想想新的可能性
Think about the new __48 possibilities__(possible).

如果你的目标是学会滑雪，你现在可以每天练习滑雪了
If your goal is to learn to ski, you can now practice __49 skiing__(ski) every day of your life.

现在让它适应现实。从不同的角度来看情况。
Now adapt this to reality. Look at the situation from a different point of view.

优秀的谈判者会在商务中使用这个技巧，作家也是如此
Good __50 negotiators__(negotiate) use this in business, and so do writers.

如果你的目标涉及到他人，那么设身处地为他人着想
If your goal involves other people,put yourself “in their shoes”


亲爱的开尔文,
Dear Kelvin,

我写信给你是想申请成为英语俱乐部的会员。
I am writing to you to apply for the membership of the English Club.

作为英语系大二的学生，我非常喜欢英国文学。
As a sophomore from the English Department, I love English literature very much.

我经常参加周五晚上举行的英语角，我喜欢用英语和别人讨论各种话题。
I often attend the English Corner held on Friday night and I like to discuss around various topics in English with others.

我渴望成为英语俱乐部的一员，进一步提高我的英语水平。
I am eager to be one member of the English Club and improve my English further.


我知道是有要求的，但具体细节我不太清楚。
I know there are some requirements, but I am not clear about the details.

我需要付会员费吗?
Is it necessary for me to pay for membership?

如果是的话，我该付多少钱? 多长时间一次?
If so, how much should I pay? And how often?

我还听说俱乐部会举办各种活动，
I have also heard that the club will host various activities,

你能说得更详细些吗?
but can you give me more details?

如果您能尽快给我一个答复，我将非常感激。
I would be very grateful if you can send me a reply as soon as possible.

期待尽快收到你的来信。
Looking forward to hearing from you soon.

你的挚爱
Yours sincerely,

李梅
Li Mei