传统上，工人的角色是工作，管理的角色是管理。
Traditionally,it has been the worker's role to work and management's role to manage.
经理们计划和指导公司的运作，很少考虑咨询劳动力。
Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought to consulting(咨询) the labor force.
管理者很少感到有必要去获取工人的意见或向员工解释他们的决定
Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.
大多数公司都提供了“意见箱”，员工可以在里面提出改进步骤的想法。
At most, companies have provided "suggestion boxes" in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.
然而，近年来，许多管理专家一直争辩，工人不仅仅是劳动力的卖主，
In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor,
他们在公司里扮演着至关重要的角色
they play a vital role in the company
并可能对其管理做出重大贡献。
and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.
此外，大公司深深的影响着工人及其家属。
Furthermore, major company decisions greatly affect workers and their dependents.
对于工厂关闭来说尤其如此，
This is particularly true of plant closings,
这可能会让数千人失业。
which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.
工人应该在管理中发挥更大的作用吗?
Should workers play a stronger role in management?
工人应该在管理中发挥作用。
Workers should have a role in management.
至少应该让劳动力了解重大政策决定。
At the very least the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions.
普通员工中常见的抱怨是缺乏对公司政策和行动的了解。
A common complaint among rank-and-file workers(普通工人) is the lack of information about company policies and actions.
1980年到1985年间，大约有500万工人是工厂关闭和永久裁员的受害者
Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims(受害者) of plant closings and permanent layoffs(解雇),
通常没有任何预兆
often with no warning.
在这种情况下，至少要提前90天通知，以便员工有时间调整。
At least 90 days notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.
管理人员在关闭工厂之前应该咨询工人
Management should consult workers before closing a plant
因为工人们也许能提出提高生产率的方法
because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity
并降低成本，可能愿意做出让步
and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions
这将有助于维持工厂的运转。
that will help keep the plant operating.
将工人纳入某些管理决策应该成为一种普遍做法
It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial(管理的) decision making.
公司董事会或其他主要决策团体中应该有工人代表
There ought to be representatives(代表) of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policy-making groups.
如果普通工人在工作流程的规划和管理中有发言权
If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow,
他们将帮助改进，
they will help to make improvements,
他们的士气会上升
their morale(士气) will rise,
他们的生产力也会提高。
and their productivity will increase.
作为进一步的激励，他们必须获得公司利润的一部分
As a further incentive(激励) they must be given a share in the company's profits.
这可以通过员工持股计划、奖金或对效率和生产力的奖励来实现。
This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans, bonuses(奖金), or rewards for efficiency and productivity.
最后，当一个工厂不能再盈利时，
Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit,
工人们应该有机会购买工厂并自己运作
the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase(购买) the plant and run it themselves.
传统工人对管理不感兴趣。
1. Traditional workers showed no interest in management.
A. True
B. False C. Not Given
[要点透析]原文只提到经理们很少考虑工人的意见,未提到工人本身是否对公司的管理有兴趣。
“意见箱”是工人参与管理的众多方式之一
2.“Suggestion box” is one of the many ways for workers to engage in management.
A. True B. False
C. Not Given
由于政策决定是公司的商业秘密，员工不应该被告知。
3. Since policy decisions are business secrets of a firm, workers should not be informed of them.
A. True
B. False C. Not Given
[要点透析]文中未提到该信息。
在关闭之前，工厂应该张贴一个通知，并保留90天。
4. Before closing, a plant should put up a notice and keep it for 90 days.
A. True B. False
C. Not Given
[要点透析]文中第二段第四句话中的“90 days notice”意思是提前90天通知,以便让工人有时间调整适应(have time to adjust),而不是说通知贴出来要保存90天。
公司应该把他们的主要政策决定告诉工人。
5. Companies should tell their major policy decisions to the workers. A. True
B. False
C. Not Given
[要点透析]根据原文第二段第二句话可知答案。
工人参与管理可能使工厂免于倒闭。
6. The workers’ participation(参与) in management might save a plant from closing down. A. True
B. False
C. Not Given
[要点透析]根据原文第二段倒数第一句话，工人可能会提出提高生产率或降低成本的办法,也可能会做出让步,以帮助工厂继续运营(help keep the plant operating)而免于倒闭。
董事会是许多公司的主要决策团体。
7. Board of directors is the major policymaking group in many companies. A. True
B. False
C. Not Given
[要点透析]根据原文第三段第二句话可推测出在大多数公司board of directors(董事会)是制定重大决策的地方,需要有工人代表加入。
让员工参与决策的好处之一是可以改善员工和管理者之间的人际关系。
8. One of the advantages of involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved.
A. True
B. False C. Not Given
[要点透析]文中未提到该信息。
一个有效率和多产的工人应该得到任何奖励，而不是公司利润的分红。
9. An efficient and productive worker should be rewarded with anything but shares in the company's profits.
A. True B. False
C. Not Given
[要点透析]题干中anything but意思是“绝不”,与原文第三段第四句话意思相反。
如果工厂不能继续盈利，工人应该被允许购买
10. Workers should be allowed to buy the plant if it cannot make a profit anymore A. True
B. False
C. Not Given
[要点透析]根据原文最后一句话,如果工厂不能赢利(operate at a profit),工人应该有机会将工厂买下并自主经营。
第二部分:阅读选择(第11~15题,每题2分,共10分)
阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。
电视机
Television
电视——最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，
Television-the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies,
一个以迅速变化与成长为标志的新时代，
marked by rapid change and growth-is moving into a new era,
一个极其复杂和多样化的时代，
an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility,
这将重塑我们的生活和世界。
which promises to reshape our lives and our world.
这可以说是一次电子革命。
It is an electronic revolution of sorts,
很可能是电视技术和计算机技术的结合，
made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.
“电视”这个词来源于希腊语词根(tele:遥远的)和拉丁语词根(vision:景象)
The word “television”,derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots
可以从字面上理解为来自远处的景象。
can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance.
简单地说，它是这样工作的:
Very simply put, it works in this way:
通过一个复杂的电子系统，
through a sophisticated system of electronics,
电视提供一种转换的能力，把一张图片 (这幅图像被聚焦在一部摄像机内的一块特殊的光导底片上) 转换成电子脉冲信号
television provides the capability of converting an image ( focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses,
可以通过电线或电缆发送。
which can be sent through a wire or cable.
这些脉冲，当该图像被输入一部接收机(电视机)时，
These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set),
就可以用电子学的方法把该图像重新恢复成同一幅图像。
can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.
然而，电视不仅仅是一种电子系统。
Television is more than just an electronic system , however.
它是表达的手段
It is a means of expression,
也是通讯的载体
as well as a vehicle for communication,
并因此成为联系他人的有力工具。
and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.
电视这一领域可根据其播送方式分为两类。
The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission.
第一类为广播电视，通过电视信号的宽带广播到大众面前，
First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals.
第二，非广播电视，
Second, there is non-broadcast television,
通过控制传播技术来满足个人或特定利益群体的需要。
which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.
传统上，电视已经成为大众媒介。
Traditionally ,television has been a medium of the masses.
我们最熟悉的是广播电视
We are most familiar with broadcast television
因为它已经以类似于今天的方式存在了大约37年。
because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today.
在那些年里，电视绝大部分的控制者是美国广播公司(ABC)、美国全国广播公司(NBC)和哥伦比亚广播公司(CBS),
During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS,
他们一直是新闻、信息和娱乐的主要提供者。
who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment.
这些广播业的巨头实际上不仅塑造了电视，而且也塑造了我们对电视的认识。
These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well.
我们渐渐把显像管看作是娱乐的来源，
We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment,
让我们成为这个会动的屏幕的观众。
placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.
“电视”这个词的字面意思是什么?
11. What is the literal meaning of the word “television"?
A. Medium of the masses. 大众媒介。 B. Sight from a distance. 远处的景象。
C. Airwave transmission. 电波传播。
D. Vehicle for communication 通讯工具
[要点透析]文章第二段段首提到“电视”一词的起源及含义,因此应选B。
哪个领域的电视是针对特定群体的?
12. What field of television is intended for specific groups?
A. Broad-based. 无限的；基础深厚的
B. Reconstituted. 再造的
C. Traditional. 传统的 D. Non-broadcast. 非广播
[要点透析]文章第四段提到两类电视，broadcast television 和 non-broadcast television,故答案为D。
根据文章，有多少主要的网络公司?
13. According to the passage, how many major networks are there?
A. Two. 两个 B. Three. 三个
C. Four. 四个
D. Five. 五个
[要点透析]第五段倒数第三句提到了三个主要的电视广播网,所以答案为B。
以下哪项在文章中没有提到，是电子在电视传输中的功能?
14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a function of electronics in television transmissions?
A. The conversion of an image into electronic impulses. 把图象转换成电子脉冲。
B. The sending of impulses through a wire cable. 通过电缆发送脉冲。 C. The changing of one image into another image. 图象变为另一图象
D. The feeding of impulses into a receiver. 把脉冲输入接收机。
下面关于电视和观众之间关系的陈述哪一个可以从文章中推断出来?
15. Which of the following statements about the relationship between television and its viewers can best be inferred from the passage? A. Viewers do not take an active role in watching television. 观众在看电视时不扮演积极的角色。
B. Viewers would prefer increased news coverage. 观众更喜欢更多的新闻报道。
C. Viewers like to use television to reach other human beings. 观众喜欢用电视来接触其他人。
D. Viewers have grown tired of television. 观众厌倦了电视。
1. 当今最受欢迎的书是那些通常被归类为科幻小说的书。
1. Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction.
每年都有成百上千的书出版，被各种各样的人阅读。
Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people.
此外，近年来一些最成功的电影都是基于科幻故事。
Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.
2. 人们通常认为科幻小说是文学领域的新发展，
2. It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature,
但它的祖先可以在几百年前写的书中找到。
but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago.
这些书通常是关于某种形式的理想社会，
These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society,
这一主题在现代小说中仍然经常出现。
a theme which is still often found in modern stories.
科幻小说是一种具有想象力但或多或少似是而非的内容的小说类型，比如未来的样子，
Science fiction is a genre of fiction with imaginative but more or less plausible content such as settings in the future,
未来科学技术，太空旅行，平行宇宙，外星人，超自然能力。
futuristic science and technology, space travel, parallel universes,aliens, and paranormal abilities.
探索科学创新的结果是科幻小说的目的之一，使其成为“思想文学”。
Exploring the consequences of scientific innovations is one purpose of science fiction , making it a “literature of ideas”.
科幻小说已经被作者用作讨论诸如身份、欲望、道德和社会结构等哲学思想的工具。
Science fiction has been used by authors as a device to discuss philosophical ideas such as identity, desire, morality and social structure.
3. 然而，大多数经典的科幻小说都是在最近的一百年里写成的。
3. Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years.
值得一提的是，儒勒·凡尔纳和赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯这两位著名作家的作品已经被翻译成多种语言。
Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors have been translated into many languages.
4. 现代科幻小说作家不会写关于火星人或太空探险的故事。
4. Modern science fiction writers don't write about men from Mars or space adventure stories.
他们更感兴趣的是预测技术发展对社会和人类思维的影响;
They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind;
或者想象未来的世界反映我们现在生活的世界。
or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now.
因此，他们的作品有明显的政治意味。
Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones.
科幻小说在很大程度上是基于理性地描写其他可能的世界或未来。
Science fiction is largely based on writing rationally about alternative possible worlds or futures.
它与幻想相似，但又不同于幻想，在故事的背景下，
It is similar to,but differs from fantasy in that, within the context of the story,
它的假想元素在科学上很大程度上是可能的
its imaginary elements are largely possible within scientifically established
或者是科学假定的自然法则(尽管故事中的一些元素可能仍然是纯粹的想象推测)。
or scientifically postulated laws of nature (though some elements in a story might still be pure imaginative speculation).
科幻小说的背景往往与现实共识相反，
The settings for science fiction are often contrary to consensus reality,
但大多数科幻小说都依赖于相当程度的怀疑，
but most science fiction relies on a considerable degree of suspension of disbelief,
通过对各种虚构元素的潜在科学解释或解决方案，读者会更容易理解。
which is facilitated in the reader's mind by potential scientific explanations or solutions to various fictional elements.
5. 在一个科学事实经常超过科幻小说的时代，
5. In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction,
作者可能会发现要走在科学进步的前面是很困难的。
the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.
然而，那些足够清晰地看到我们前进方向的人，
Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however,
可能提供一个宝贵的教训，在试图掌握一个新技术时，如何处理社会不可避免的问题，
may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.
工作 1
Task 1
段落
16. Paragraph __1__. A. Popularity of Science Fiction 科幻小说的流行程度
17. Paragraph __2__. E. Its Origin/ Past 它的起源/过去
18. Paragraph __3__. C. Classics of Science Fiction 经典的科幻小说
19. Paragraph __4__. F. Themes of Modern Science Fiction 现代科幻小说的主题
20. Paragraph __5__. D. Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Advances 很难保持科学进步的领先地位
A. Popularity of Science Fiction 科幻小说的流行程度
B. Future Development 未来的发展前景
C. Classics of Science Fiction 经典的科幻小说
D. Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Advances 很难保持科学进步的领先地位
E. Its Origin/ Past 它的起源/过去
F. Themes of Modern Science Fiction 现代科幻小说的主题
工作 2
Task 2
理想社会是一个反复出现的主题
21. Some form of ideal society is __a recurrent theme__.
凡尔纳写的书全世界都读
22. Books written by J. Verne are __read worldwide__.
人们喜欢读科幻小说。
23. People enjoy __reading books of science fiction__.
现代科幻作品具有政治含意
24. Works of modern science fiction have __political implications__.
作家们发现保持科学进步的领先是困难的
25. Writers find it difficult __to keep ahead of scientific advances__.
A. a recurrent theme 一个反复出现的主题
B. to keep ahead of scientific advances 保持科学进步的领先地位
C. reading books of science fiction 读科幻小说
D. political implications 政治含意
E. a current theme 当前的主题
F. read worldwide 全世界都读
濒危物种阅读:北极熊上榜
Endangered Species Reading: Polar Bear Makes the List
2008年春天，北极熊被列入濒危物种名单。
In Spring 2008,the polar bear was placed on the endangered species list.
根据濒危物种法案
According to the Endangered Species Act,
濒危物种是指在其自然栖息地可能面临灭绝的动物。
an endangered species is an animal that is likely to face extinction in its natural habitat.
北极熊已被列为“濒危”物种
__26 Polar bears have been categorized as a “threatened” species__
ESA定义濒危物种是：在可预见的将来很可能“濒临灭绝的”动物。
The ESA defines a threatened species as one that is likely to become “endangered" in the foreseeable future.
北极熊是第一种主要由于全球变暖而被列为濒危动物的动物。
The polar bear is the first animal that has been classified as endangered due primarily to global warming.
全球变暖是由困在大气中的二氧化碳和其他温室气体引起的
__27 Global warming is caused by carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that become trapped in the atmosphere__
供暖、开车和燃烧垃圾都需要化石燃料，这导致了全球变暖。
Heating homes, driving cars, and burning garbage all require fossil fuels that lead to global warming.
北极熊的栖息地比其他许多物种更容易受到全球变暖的影响。
The polar bear's habitat is more vulnerable to global warming than many other species.
北极熊主要生活在北极的海冰上。
Polar bears live mainly on the sea ice in the Arctic.
这是它们捕食鱼类和建立脂肪储备的地方
__28 This is where they hunt for fish and build up fat reserves__
当冰融化时，许多北极熊搬到陆地上，以储存的脂肪为生。
When the ice melts many polar bears move to land and live off their stored fat.
在北极地区，全球变暖导致冰层融化的时间略早，冰形成的时间略晚。
In the Arctic,global warming is causing the ice to melt slightly earlier and form slightly later.
这导致北极熊的进食季节缩短。
This results in a shorter feeding season for the polar bear.
有些冒着生命危险去找冰。
Some risk their lives to find ice.
如果他们游得太远，就会因疲惫和饥饿而淹死。
If they have to swim too far they will drown from exhaustion and hunger.
在北极面临危险的不仅仅是北极熊
__29 It is not only the polar bear that is at risk in the Arctic__
那里的每一种植物、动物和昆虫都受到全球变暖的威胁。
Every species of plant,animal, and insect there is threatened by global warming.
然而，环保组织，如世界野生动物基金会经常研究大型食肉动物，以评估生态系统的健康状况
Nevertheless, environmentalist groups such as the World Wildlife Fund often study large carnivores in order to assess the health of an ecosystem(生态系统).
北极的食物链依赖于北极熊
__30 The Arctic food chain relies on the polar bear__
此外，捐赠是为了保护大型动物，如熊或大象。
In addition, donations are more commonly offered for the protection of large animals such as bears or elephants.
一般来说，人们很少有兴趣去保护小型野生动物，比如：植物或昆虫。
People in general are less interested in conservation efforts that protect small wildlife, such as plants or insects.
然而，通过使用捐赠的钱来保护大型动物的栖息地(例如植树造林项目)
However, by using donor money to protect the habitat of the larger animals (ex. reforestation programs),
整个生态系统都可以得到保护。
entire ecosystems can be protected.
像北极熊这样的动物被列入濒危物种名单是很重要的。
It is important that animals such as the polar bear make it onto the endangered species list.
一旦它们被列入名单，就有法律保护这些动物，防止它们因食物或野外猎杀活动而被猎杀。
Once they are on the list there are laws that protect these animals from being hunted for food or sport.
各机构还获得资金和工具来保护栖息地和恢复物种。
Agencies also receive money and tools to protect the habitat and recover the species.
将动物从名单中移除的目标通常是可以实现的。
The goal of removing the animal from the list is often achievable.
事实上，一个物种在被列入名单后灭绝是很罕见的。
In fact,it is rare for a species to go extinct after they make the list.
可悲的是，在等待考虑的过程中，许多物种确实灭绝了。
Sadly many species do go extinct while waiting for consideration.
A. But adding polar bears to the nation's list of endangered species,as some are now proposing should not be part of those efforts. 但是，像一些人现在提议的那样，将北极熊列入国家濒危物种的名单，不应该成为这些努力的一部分。
B. Global warming is caused by carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that become trapped in the atmosphere. 全球变暖是由困在大气中的二氧化碳和其他温室气体引起的。
C. The Arctic food chain relies on the polar bear. 北极的食物链依赖于北极熊。
D. It is not only the polar bear that is at risk in the Arctic. 在北极面临危险的不仅仅是北极熊。
E. This is where they hunt for fish and build up fat reserves. 这是它们捕食鱼类和建立脂肪储备的地方。
F. Polar bears have been categorized as a “threatened” species. 北极熊已被列为“濒危”物种。
你一定很熟悉这个情况:爸爸在开车。妈妈正在告诉他去哪里。
You must be familiar with the situation: Dad is driving. Mum is telling him where to go.
他确信他们需要左转。
He is __31 sure__ that they need to turn left.
但她说不是，要再过两个街区。
But she says it is not for another two blocks.
谁的方向感更好?
__32 who__ has the better sense of direction?
男人还是女人? 一项新的研究表明，他们都有，但以不同的方式。
Men or women? They both do,a new study says, but in different ways.
加拿大研究人员发现男性和女性有不同的寻路方法。
Canadian researchers have found men and women have __33 different__ methods of finding their way.
男性会迅速地看一眼路标，然后朝着他们认为正确的方向前进。
Men look quickly at landmarks and head off in what they think is the right direction.
然而，女人会试图详细地描绘出整条路，然后在脑海中沿着这条路走下去。
Women, however, try to picture the whole route in __34 detail__ and then follow the path in their head.
爱德华·康奈尔说:“女性倾向于更细致，而男性则倾向于更快一点，更凭直觉。”
“Women tend to be more detailed, while men __35 tend__ to be a little bit faster and a little bit more intuitive(直觉感知的)”,said Edward Cornell.
事实上，康奈尔说，“方向感”不是一种技能，而是两种。
In fact,said Cornell, "sense of __36 direction__" is not one skill but two.
第一种是“调查法”，这是当你从上面看到所有的区域，比如打印的地图。
The first is the "survey method" This is when you see all area from above,such as a printed map.
你可以看到，例如，医院在哪里？教堂在哪里？超市在它的右边。
You can see, for example, where the hospital is, __37 where__ the church is and that the supermarket is on its right.
第二种技能是“路线法”，这是使用路边一系列的指示。
The second skill is the “route method", this is when you use a series of directions.
你从医院出发，然后左转，右转，上坡——然后你就看到超市了。
You __38 start__ from the hospital, then turn left, turn right, go uphill--and then you see the supermarket.
男性更倾向于使用调查方法，女性更有可能选择一条路线，并遵循指示。
Men are more __39 likely__ to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions.
两种方法都有效，没有哪一种更好
Both methods work, and __40 neither__ is better.
A. direction 方向
B. who 谁
C. sure 确信的
D. start 开始
E. likely 很可能的
F. what 什么
G. where 在哪里
H. neither 两个都不
I. different 不同的
J. both 双方
K. tend 倾向
L. detail 细节
研究人员称，人们可以通过一个人穿的鞋准确地判断陌生人的90%的性格。
Researchers say people can __41 accurately__(accurate) judge 90 percent of a stranger's personality by looking at the person's shoes.
“鞋子传达关于人的有用信息。”
"Shoes convey useful information about people."
研究报告发表在《鞋子作为非语言暗示传递象征性信息》期刊上
the authors wrote in the study __42 published__(publish) in a journal “Shoes serve as __43 nonverbal__ ( verbal) cues with symbolic messages.
《医学日报》指出，性格特征的细节数量包括一个人的情绪稳定性
"Medical Daily notes' that the number of __44 detailed__( detail) personality traits include someone's emotional __45 stability__(stable).
在这项研究中，志愿者们被拍到穿着他们最常穿的鞋子，然后填写了一份问卷。
In the study, volunteers were __47 photographed__(photograph) in their most commonly worn shoes, and then filled out a questionnaire.
然而，其中一些结果很有趣。
However,some of the results are intriguing.
例如，比较“随和”的人通常会穿实用的鞋子
For example, practical shoes were generally worn by more "__49 agreeable__(agree)" people,
[要点透析]本句空白处放在名词people前面以及比较级标志词more后面提示需填入形容词来修饰该名词，另根据由while引导的比较状语从句中用于形容穿短靴的人(ankle boots)的性格特征的形容词aggressive(有进取心的,好斗的),可以合理推断出穿实用鞋子(practical and functional)的人的性格特征应该是相反的,因此，将提示词动词agree加上后缀-able改成agreeable(随和的,友好的)符合文章语境。
而短靴则与性格“强势”的人更接近。
while ankle boots' were more closely aligned with "aggressive" personalities.
研究人员指出，有些人会选择鞋子的款式来掩盖他们的真实性格特征，
The researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personality traits,
但研究人员指出，志愿者们可能没有意识到，
but researchers noted that volunteers were likely to be __50 unaware__(aware)
[要点透析]本句空白处放在be动词之后提示需填入形容词，另外根据该段上句“The researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personality traits,"(有些人会刻意选择某种鞋的款式去掩盖他们真实的性格特征),由but引导的转折从句则表达和前一句相反的句意,因此根据句意,将提示词aware加上否定前缀un-改成unaware符合语境。这两句话的意思为:研究人员指出,有些人会通过选择鞋子的样式来掩饰他们真实的性格特征，不过研究人员也指出,志愿者们一般都不会意识到自己对鞋的选择会让人窥见其性格深处。
他们对鞋子的选择揭示了他们的个性。
that their footwear choices were revealing deep insights into their personalities.
98%的高中生和92%的小学生不得不花费他们周末的大部分时间来做家庭作业。
that 98% of high school students and 92% of elementary school students have to spend most of their weekends doing homework.
太多的家庭作业已经成为一个在高中和小学常见的抱怨。
Too much homework has become a common complaint in high schools and elementary schools.
学生不得不花大部分时间做作业，即使在周末。
Students have to spend most of their time doing homework, even on weekends.
因此，他们没有时间选择自己的爱好、他们的父母、朋友。
As a result, they have no time for their hobbies, or for their parents or friends.
他们所做的只是他们不得不做的事，而不是他们喜欢做的事。
All they do is what they have to do, not what they like to do.
造成这一现象的根本原因在于目前的应试教育体制。
The underlying cause for this phenomenon lies in the present exam-oriented education system.
高考已经成为老师、家长和学生自己的唯一焦点。
National College Entrance Examination has become the sole focus of teachers, parents, and students themselves.
高分成为最终目标，
High score becomes the ultimate goal,
导致实践能力、个性发展等的忽视，诸如此类。
leading to the neglect of practical abilities, personality development, and all that.
我们迫切需要深化教育改革。
It is urgent that we deepen our educational reform.
我们必须考虑到学生的全面发展，
We must allow for students' overall development,
而不仅仅是评估他们的考试成绩。
not just evaluate their test scores.