女:你好!国际旅行社。我能为您效劳吗?
W: Hello! Global Travel Agency. May I help you?
男:你好,有去西雅图的旅行团吗? 如果你有,最晚的票还有几天?
M: Hello, do you have a package tour to Seattle? If you do, how many days will it last?
女:是的,我们有。四天三夜。每周一和周三都有。
W: Yes, we do. Four days and three nights. It's available every Monday and Wednesday.
男:请帮我登记两个人参加这个星期三的旅游。
M: Please help me register two people for the tour for this Wednesday.
女:我很抱歉。这个星期三的票已经订满了。你知道,现在是旅游旺季。你下周去吗?
W: I'm sorry. This Wednesday is already fully booked. It's the travelling season, you know. Would you go for next week?
男:好吧。我现在可以预订吗?
M: Okay. Can I book it now?
女:是的,当然。你什么时候开始休假,周一还是周三?
w: Yes,of course. Now, when will you start your holiday,Monday or Wednesday?
男:嗯,我星期一要上课。请定周三的。
M: Well, I'm teaching on Monday. so Wednesday, please.
有多少人要去旅行?
6. How many people will be travelling?
A. Four. 四个
B. Three. 三个 C. Two. 两个
这个人什么时候去西雅图?
7. When will the man leave for Seattle?
A. This Wednesday. 这个星期三。
B. Next Monday. 下个星期一 C. Next Wednesday. 下个星期三
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
Text 7
女:我一直在努力为凯特挑选生日礼物。
W: I have been trying hard to choose a gift for Kate for her birthday.
男:这对我来说也很难。
M: That's been hard for me, too.
女:你想和我一起去挑点什么吗?
w: Would you like to go in with me and choose something together?
男:是的。两个脑袋比一个要强,那么,凯特喜欢做什么? 这可能会帮助我们做出选择。
M: Yes. Two heads are better than one. So, what does Kate like doing? That might help us choose something.
女:她似乎喜欢听音乐、读小说和看电影。
w: She seems to enjoy listening to music, reading novels and going to the movies.
男:也许我们可以给她买一张音乐会的票。你觉得呢?
M. Maybe we could get her a concert ticket. What do you think?
女:好主意。但是我们不知道她喜欢什么音乐会。
W: That's a good idea. But we don't know what concert she likes.
男:简可以帮助我们。她很了解凯特。
M: Jane can help us. She knows Kate very well.
女:你是对的。今天下午下课后我们去看简吧。
W. You're right. Let's see Jane this afternoon after class
男:好的
M: Okay.
说话者主要在谈论什么?
8. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Buying a present. 买一件礼物。
B. Attending a concert. 参加一个音乐会。
C. Planing a birthday party. 计划一个生日派对。
说话者稍后会做什么?
9. What will the speakers do later?
A. See a movie. 看电影
B. Read a novel. 读小说 C. Meet up with Jane. 和简见面。
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
Text 8
男: 嘿,我想我找到了一份丽莎可能会感兴趣的工作。她在哪里呢?
M. Hey, I think I found a job that might interest Lisa. Where is she?
女: 我想她去利物浦拜访朋友了。那是什么?
W: She went to Liverpool visiting friends, I think. What is it?
男: 哦,这是《伦敦周报》的,这家报纸声称是伦敦唯一供游客阅读的报纸。
M: Well,it's from London Week, which claims to be the only newspaper for visitors to London.
女:他们想要什么?一个记者吗?
W: What do they want? A reporter?
男: 不。这就是所谓的销售代表。
M: No. It's what they call a sales representative.
女: 嗯……她可能有兴趣。工资多少钱?
W: Mm... Could be interesting. How much does it pay?
男: 不坏。一个月三千镑。那比她上一份工作多赚了500英镑。
M: Not bad. Three thousand pounds a month. That's five hundred pounds more than what she made in her last job.
女: 还不错。有什么要求吗?
w: Not bad at all. Any requirement?
男: 不少于两年经验的销售人员,不一定是广告方面的。丽莎有很多这样的经验。
M: Sales people with no less than two years of experience, not necessarily in advertising. Lisa's got plenty of that.
女:还有其他关于这份工作的细节吗?
W: Any other details about the job?
男: 没有,除了薪水之外还有去巴黎的有偿旅游。
M: No,just the paid trips to Paris on top of the salary.
女: 好吧,让我们告诉丽莎。我想她明天会回来。
W: Well, let's tell Lisa. She will be back tomorrow, I expect.
丽莎在哪里?
10. Where is Lisa? A. Liverpool. 利物浦
B. London. 伦敦
C. Paris. 巴黎
伦敦周报需要什么样的人?
11. What kind of people does London Week need?
A. Reporters. 记者 B. Sales representatives. 销售代表
C.Advertisers. 广告商
丽莎上一份工作每月挣多少钱?
12. How much did Lisa earn monthly in her last job?
A.3,500 pounds. 3500磅。
B.3,000 pounds. 3000磅。 C.2,500 pounds. 2500磅。
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
Text 9
女: 嗨,我是萨拉。
W:Hi,I'm Sarah.
男:你好,萨拉。我叫里基。
M: Hello, Sarah. My name is Ricky.
女: 嗨,里基。你是新来的学生吗?
W:Hi,Ricky. Are you a new student here?
男:是的。今天早上我刚上了第一节课。
M:Yes. I just had my first lesson this morning.
你也是新生吗?
Are you a new student too?
女: 没有。我来这里一年了。
W: No. I've been here for a year.
男:一年!那可太久了。
M: A year! That's a long time.
女: 是的, 很久了。我第一次来到这所大学后,我经历了三个月的语言训练,
W:Yes, it is. I went through three months of language training after I first arrived in this college,
现在我是这里的一名心理学学生。
and now I am a psychology student here.
今天,我来语言中心看望我的老师。
Today, I've come to visit my teacher in the language centre.
你在这里多久了?
How long have you been here?
男:只有一个星期。
M: Only a week.
女: 哦,不长。你住在哪里?一个家庭里吗?
W: Oh,not long. Where do you live? With a family?
男:是的。我现在和一对退休夫妇住在一起。
M: Yes. Im staying with a retired couple at the moment.
他们都很好,但我在找一个新的地方,
They are very nice, but I'm looking for a new place,
在那里我可以和更多的同龄人一起玩。
where I can hang out with more people of my age.
你知道有什么好地方吗?
Do you know of any good places?
女: 是的。事实上,我朋友约翰的公寓里有一间空房间,他正在找一个室友。
W:Yes. Actually, my friend John has a spare room in his apartment, and he is looking for a roommate.
你想要他的电话号码吗?
Would you like his phone number?
男:那太好了。谢谢你的帮助。
M: That would be great. Thanks for your help.
说话者之间的关系是什么?
13. What's the relationship between the speakers?
A. Good friends. 好朋友 B. Fellow students. 同学
C. Roommates. 寝室室友
莎拉什么时候开始上大学的?
14. When did Sarah start college? A. A year ago. 一年前
B. Three months ago. 三个月以前
C. A week ago. 一周前
为什么里基想搬家?
15. Why does Ricky want to move? A.He wants younger company. 他想要更年轻的伙伴。
B.He wants to be nearer college. 他想离学校近一点。
C.He doesn't get along with the host family. 他和寄宿家庭相处得不好。
里基接下来可能会做什么?
16. What will Ricky probably do next?
A. Visit a teacher. 看望老师
B. Hang out with friends. 与朋友出去逛 C. Give John a phone call 给约翰打个电话
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
Text 10
早上好,所有人。在我们今天开始上课之前,
M:Good morning, everybody. Before we start the class today,
我需要给你一些信息,是关于我们5月27日实地考察的。
I need to give you some information about our field trip on the 27th of May.
如你所知,我们将在伦敦的科学博物馆度过这一天。
As you know, we are spending the day at the science museum in London.
一辆长途汽车将在学校停车场接我们。
A coach will pick us up in the school car park.
我们8点出发,所以至少提前15分钟到,最迟7点45分到。
We'll leave at eight o'clock, so plan to be there at least fifteen minutes before that, 7:45,at the latest.
你最好把闹钟定在六点半,好吗?
You'd better set your alarms for 6:30, okay?
如果你以前参观过科学博物馆,你就会知道它是巨大的,
If you've visited the science museum before, you'll know that it is enormous,
我们不可能在一天内看完所有的东西。
and we can't possibly see everything in one day.
欢迎侧厅有三个画廊,只处理当代科学。
The Welcome Wing has three galleries which deal only with contemporary science.
我们将在导游的带领下参观其中一处。
We are going to have a guided tour of one of them.
我们已经在咖啡厅预定了午餐,所以我们12点半在那里见面,不要迟到。
We've have ordered lunch in the cafe, so we will meet up there at 12:30, and don't be late.
我们必须在1:15去看电影。
We will have to go the cinema at 1:15.
我想现在就到这里吧。
I think that's all for now.
哦,最后一件事:在我们走之前去科学博物馆的网站上看看。
Oh, one last thing: check out the science museum website before we go.
你读得越多,这次参观就会越有趣。
The more you read about it, the more interesting the visit will be.
说话者是谁?
17. Who is the speaker?
A. A guide. 导游 B. A teacher. 教师
C. A coach. 教练
学生们什么时候去博物馆?
18. When will the students leave for the museum?
A.6:30.
B.7:45. C.8:00.
学生们在l:15将做什么?
19. What will the students do at l:15? A. See a film. 看电影
B. Meet at a cafe. 咖啡馆见面
C. Visit a gallery. 参观一个画廊
学生在哪里可以找到更多的信息?
20. Where can the students find more information?
A. From teachers. 从老师那 B. From a website. 从网站
C. From a book. 从书本上
写一首关于勇气、决心和力量如何帮助你面对生活中的挑战的诗。
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
奖品
Prizes
3个大奖:三位获奖者的华盛顿特区旅行,一位家长和一位获奖者选择的人。
3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice.
行程包括往返机票,两晚的酒店住宿,
Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights,
参观国家航空航天博物馆和国家地理世界办公室。
and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6个一等奖:《天空先驱:艾米莉亚·埃尔哈特的摄影传记》,作者Corinne Szabo和飞行员Linda Finch签名。
6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50个荣誉奖:评委将选出多达50个荣誉奖得主,
50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners,
每人将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的t恤。
who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
规则
Rules
仔细遵守所有规则,以免被取消资格。
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
写一首不超过100个单词的诗。你的诗可以是任何格式,任何行数。
■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
手写或在一张纸上打字。这张纸的正面和背面都可以用。
■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
在同一张纸上,写下或打上你的名字、地址、电话号码和出生日期。
■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
请在今年10月31日前将您的参赛作品寄给我们。
■Mail your entry to us by October 3l this year.
每个大奖得主可以免费带多少人旅行?
1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A. Two. 两个
B. Three. 三个
C. Four. 四个
D. Six. 六个
[要点透析]细节理解题。根据Prizes部分第一段中“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice."
可知,每位获奖者可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此,每位获奖者可以带两个人。
每个荣誉奖中奖人将得到什么?
2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get?
A. A plane ticket. 一张飞机票
B. A book by Corinne Szabo. Corinne Szabo写的书 C. A special T-shirt. 一个特殊的t恤
D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. Amelia Earhart的照片
[要点透析]细节理解题。根据Prizes部分第三段“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 5o honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight."
可知,每位优秀奖获得者将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。
下列哪项会导致取消资格?
3. Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A. Typing your poem out. 把你的诗打出来。 B. Writing a poem of 120 words. 写一首120字的诗。
C. Using both sides of the paper. 使用纸的两面。
D. Mailing your entry on October 30 10月30日邮寄你的参赛作品
[要点透析]细节理解题。根据Rules部分的前两句“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer."
可知,所写诗歌的词数应在100词或100词以内,所以写一首120词的诗歌会导致不合格。
詹妮弗·莫尔(Jennifer Mauer)需要比一般大学生更强的意志力才能实现获得护理学位的目标。
Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree.
当詹妮弗从威斯康辛大学欧克莱尔分校毕业时,她的意志力结出了果实,成为她庞大家庭中第一个获得学士学位的人。
That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
来自威斯康辛州埃德加的莫尔在一个农场长大,家里有10个孩子。
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children.
她的父亲在农场以外的地方工作,她的母亲和孩子们一起经营农场。
Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids.
高中毕业后,詹妮弗参加了当地的技术学院,用工作来支付学费,
After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费),
因为没有额外的钱支付大学教育。
because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.
毕业后,她工作来帮助她的兄弟姐妹支付学费。
After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
詹妮弗现在结婚了,自己有三个孩子。
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.
她决定回到大学继续她的职业生涯,并能更好地维持她的家庭,同时做她喜欢的事情:护理。
She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing.
她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的美国威斯康星大学欧克莱尔分校(UW-Eau Claire),
She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield
因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。
because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home.
她可以开车去上课,晚上回家帮忙照顾孩子。
She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.
詹妮弗在攻读学位的过程中得到了家人的大力支持:
Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree:
她的丈夫打两份工来支付账单,68岁的母亲有时也帮忙照顾孩子。
Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
在这期间,她一直保持着良好的学术成绩,并以优异的成绩毕业。
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors.
詹妮弗的牺牲实现了自己的目标,放弃了很多个思念孩子的晚上来学习。
Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.
她说:有些晚上,我不得不在孩子和准备考试或论文之间做出选择,这让我心碎。
"Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers," she says.
然而,她的孩子们在母亲获得学位的过程中见证了重要的一课。
However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.
詹妮弗是第一代毕业生,她的家庭受到了鼓舞——这是非常重要的。
Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family--and that's pretty powerful.
詹妮弗高中毕业后做了什么?
4. What did Jennifer do after high school?
A. She helped her dad with his work. 她帮助她爸爸做他的工作。
B. She ran the family farm on her own 她自己经营家庭农场 C. She supported herself through college. 她自己供自己读完大学。
D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home. 她在家里教她的兄弟姐妹。
[要点透析]细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“After high school Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education."
可知,因为家里没有额外的钱支付大学学费,高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱完成了学院的学习。故选C项。
为什么詹妮弗选择在马什菲尔德圣约瑟夫医院的项目?
5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield? A. To take care of her kids easily. 很容易照顾她的孩子。
B. To learn from the best nurses. 向最好的护士学习。
C. To save money for her parents 为了给父母省钱
D. To find a well-paid job there. 想在那里找到一份高薪的工作。
[要点透析]细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句“She chose the UW Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids."
可知,她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的威斯康星大学欧克莱尔分校的课程,因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课,晚上可以回家照顾孩子。由此可知,A项“为了方便照顾她的孩子”符合原文内容。
詹妮弗为了实现她的目标牺牲了什么?
6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?
A. Her health. 她的健康 B. Her time with family. 她和家人在一起的时间。
C. Her reputation. 她的名誉
D. Her chance of promotion. 她晋升的机会。
[要点透析]细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study."
可知,为了实现自己的目标,Jennifer做出了牺牲,放弃了许多和家人待在一起的夜晚。
我们能从詹妮弗的故事中学到什么?
7. What can we learn from Jennifer's story?
A.Time is money. 时间就是金钱。
B.Love breaks down barriers. 爱可以打破障碍 C.Hard work pays off. 功夫不负有心人
D.Education is the key to success. 教育是成功的关键。
[要点透析]推理判断题。通读全文可知,Jennifer高中毕业后就自己赚钱完成了学院的学习;她结婚后为了进修学士学位,白天开车去上课,晚上回家照顾孩子。根据最后一段第一句“Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors."可知,经历了这一切之后,她一直保持着良好的学术地位,并以优异的成绩毕业;由最后一段最后两句“However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful."
可知,在见证母亲获得学位的过程中,她的孩子们学到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生,这对她的家庭来说是一种激励,这是非常强大的。由此推测,Jennifer的故事告诉我们:努力总会有回报。故选C项。
在1990年代中期。汤姆·比斯尔(Tom Bissell)在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者教英语。
In the mid-1990s. Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
七个月后他离开了,身体崩溃,失去了理智。
He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind.
几年后,他仍然被这个国家吸引,
A few years later, still attracted to the country,
回到乌兹别克斯坦写一篇关于咸海消失的文章。
he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
然而,他的访问最终涉及的远不止这些。
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that.
因此,有了这本书,《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵中》,
Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,
讲述了从塔什干到卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦的一次公路旅行,
which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,
在那里,数百万人的生命被大海的缓慢干涸所毁灭。
where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.
它讲述了一个美国人到一个陌生国度旅行的故事,
It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,
以及他在旅途中遇到的人:拉斯塔姆,
and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam,
他的翻译,一个24岁的可爱女孩,他在加利福尼亚学会了流利的英语,
his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California,
奥列格和娜塔莎,他在塔什干的主人,以及一系列外国援助工作者。
Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
这是对乌兹别克斯坦生活的快速一瞥,由友善和温暖组成,但也有社会的阴暗面。
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
在撒马尔罕,比斯尔欣赏着建筑奇观,
In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders,
在去布哈拉的路上,当他被怀疑进行毒品交易时,他尝到了警察办案的滋味,
while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.
在费尔干纳,他参加葬礼后有一个奇怪的饮酒聚会。
In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party.
而在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦,他感到悲伤,因为沙尘暴、疾病和钓鱼船被卡在离海几英里的地方。
And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
比斯尔巧妙地整理了历史见解和文化参照,
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references,
使他的故事从西方人的角度全面描绘了乌兹别克斯坦。
making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
他的判断和参考毫无疑问是美国人的,他那纤弱的胃也是。
His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach.
正如作者解释的那样,这既不是一本旅行书,也不是一本历史书,甚至也不是一篇报告文学。
As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
无论是什么,结果都是对最纯粹的中亚传统的完美而生动的描述。
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
是什么促使比斯尔回到乌兹别克斯坦?
8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A. His friends’ invitation. 他朋友的邀请。 B.His interest in the country. 他对乡村的兴趣。
C.His love for teaching 他对教学的热爱
D.His desire to regain health. 他渴望恢复健康
[要点透析]细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“A few years later, ill attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea."
可知,几年后,Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引,他回到了乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
第二段中划线的单词“that”指的是什么?
9. What does the underlined word “that" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Developing a serious mental disease. 患有严重的精神疾病
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. 在导游的带领下游览中亚。
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. 在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者。 D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 写一篇关于咸海的文章。
[要点透析]词义猜测题。画线词所在句是第二段首句,that用来指代上文提及的事情,因此推断that指代第一段的内容。根据第一段最后一句“A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea”可知,that指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事。故选D。
以下哪项最能描述比斯尔在乌兹别克斯坦的公路之旅?
10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Romantic. 浪漫的 B. Eventful. 充满大事的
C. Pleasant. 令人愉快的
D. Dangerous. 危险的
这篇文章的目的是什么?
11. What is the purpose of this text? A.To introduce a book. 介绍一本书
B.To explain a cultural phenomenon 来解释一种文化现象
C.To remember a writer. 纪念一位作家
D.To recommend a travel destination. 推荐一个旅游目的地。
[要点透析]推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行,由此引出他写的书,接下来三段讲述了他的书Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia的故事内容。因此,本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
根据《消费者研究杂志》(Journal of Consumer Research)最近的一项研究,
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,
我们饮食伙伴的体型和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。
both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.
与现有研究相反,你应该避免和大体型、点大份食物的人一起吃饭,
And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份),
你真正需要避开的是那些大胃口的瘦子。
it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
为了测试社会对饮食习惯的影响,研究人员进行了两个实验。
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.
首先,95名女大学生被分别邀请进入实验室,表面上参与一个关于电影收视率的调查研究。
In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership.
电影开始前,每个女人被要求自己吃一份点心。
Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.
研究人员雇佣的一名演员先抢了她的食物。
An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.
这位演员在自然状态下的体重是105磅。
In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds.
但在一半的案例中,她穿着特别设计的肥胖套装,使她的体重增加到180磅。
But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.
参与者也照做了,吃了比平时更多的食物。
The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have.
然而,当男演员很瘦时,他们拿走的食物明显更多。
However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
在第二次测试中,在一个例子中,瘦的演员从零食碗里拿了两颗糖果。
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.
在另一个例子中,她拿了30块。
In the other case, she took 30 pieces.
结果与第一次测试相似:
The results were similar to the first test:
参与者们都照做了,但当瘦演员拿了30块糖时,他们拿了更多的糖。
the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
测试表明,社会环境对我们做决定的影响非常大。
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions.
如果这个同伴要多吃一点,那么我也会这样。
If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I.
这个叫"她有什么我就有什么"效应。
Call it the “I'll have what she's having” effect.
但是,我们将调整影响。
However, we'll adjust the influence.
如果一个超重的人吃的分量很大,我会克制一点,因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。
If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.
但如果一个瘦的人吃得很多,我也会这么做。
But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit.
如果他能多吃又保持苗条,为什么我不能?
If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
最近的研究主要是关于什么?
12. What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety. 食品安全
B. Movie viewership 电影的调查
C. Consumer demand. 消费需求 D. Eating behavior. 饮食行为
[要点透析]细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake."
可知,根据《消费者研究杂志》的最近一项研究,我们的饮食同伴的体型和消费习惯会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此,这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。
第1段下划线的“瘦长之人”指的是什么?
13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles" in paragraph l refer to?
A. Big eaters. 大胃王
B. Overweight persons. 超重的人
C. Picky eaters. 吃饭挑剔之人 D. Tall thin persons. 高瘦的人
[要点透析]词义猜测题。根据“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you reallyneed to avoid."
可知,现有的研究结果说,你应该避免和体重较重、点大份食物的人一起吃饭,与之相反,你真正应该避免的是胃口大的beanpoles。画线词和heavier people“体重较重的人”词义相反,结合选项,D选项“瘦瘦高高的人”正好和heavier people词义相反。故选D
为什么研究人员要雇佣演员?
14. Why did the researchers hire the actor? A. To see how she would affect the participants. 看看她会如何影响参与者。
B.To test if the participants could recognize her. 测试参与者是否能认出她。
C.To find out what she would do in the two tests. 看看她在两项测试中会做什么。
D.To study why she could keep her weight down. 来研究她为什么能保持体重。
[要点透析]推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments."
可知,为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响,研究人员进行了两组实验。倒数第二、三段的内容,说明了演员扮演的角色及其吃东西的行为对周围人的影响。由此推断,研究人员雇用演员是为了看她如何影响参与者。故选A
根据最后一段,我们在什么基础上“调整影响”?
15.On what basis do we “adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph?
A.How hungry we are. 我们好饿啊
B.How slim we want to be. 我们想要多么苗条。 C.How we perceive others. 我们如何看待他人。
D.How we feel about the food. 我们对食物的感觉。
[要点透析]推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?"
可知,如果一个超重的人吃很大一份,“我”会克制一点,因为“我”看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦人吃很多,“我”会效仿他。如果他吃得多,还能保持苗条,为什么“我”不能呢?由此推断,我们是根据我们对他人的看法(即:如何看待他人)来调整影响的。故选C。
就像生活中的其他事情一样,这需要练习。
And like everything else in life, that takes practice.
记住,即使是世界冠军运动员也会坚持不懈地练习他们的技能。
Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
当谈到公开演讲时,通常少即是多。
__20 D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.__
[要点透析]下文提到听众并不认为演讲越长越好。根据“Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.”
可知,作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点。D项“公开演讲时,通常少就是多”说明了演讲时,多和少的辩证关系。故选D。
很少听到有人说,我真希望那个演讲者讲得再长一些。
It's rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer."
另一方面,你可能数不清有多少次想过,我很高兴谈话结束了。
On the other hand, you probably can't count the times that you've thought, “I'm glad that talk is over.
好像没完没了!”所以,让你的观众大吃一惊吧。
It seemed to go on forever!" So surprise your audience.
总是让你的陈述比预期的短一点。
Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.
最好让你的听众期待更多,而不是在他们的座位上焦躁不安地等待你的演讲最终结束。
It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
做相反的事
A. Do the opposite.
你想成为一个有影响力的公众演说家。
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
你不需要为小小的过失道歉
C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip
当谈到公开演讲时,通常少即是多。
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
大多数演讲的目的都是为了让听众受益
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
把注意力集中在你的听众身上,把恐惧从公共演讲中解脱出来。
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.
然而,大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者,是因为他们经过训练才成为这样的人。
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
此外,蛇的数量也减少了。
__25 A. Besides__,the number of snakes had declined as well.
[要点透析]考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外,蛇的数量也减少了。besides"“此外;另外”;however“然而;不过”;therefore“因此”;otherwise“否则”。根据as well可知,洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开,还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
( )25.A. Besides 再说;此外
B. However 然而;可是
C. Therefore 因此,所以
D.Otherwise 否则;另外
他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护他们免受高温。
He __26 B. realized__ that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the __27 B.heat__.
[要点透析]考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。agree“同意”;realize“意识到";remember"记住;记起";predict“预测”。Molai意识到鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
( )26. A. agreed 同意的
B. realized 意识到
C.remembered 回想起
D. predicted 预测
他向森林部门寻求帮助,但被告知那里寸草不生。
He turned to the __29 C. forest__ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.
[要点透析]考查名词词义辨析。labor“劳动";police"警察";forest“森林”;finance“财政;金融”。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees"可知,Molai想要种树,所以他应该向森林部门求助。故选C。
( )29.A. labor 劳动
B. police 警察
C. forest 森林
D. finance 财政
然而,莫莱独自去寻找,并发现了附近的一个岛屿,他开始植树。
However, Molai went looking on his own and __30 B. discovered__ a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
[要点透析]考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而,Molai自己去看了看,发现了附近的一个岛屿,他开始在那里种树。rebuild“重建”;discover"“发现”;leave“离开”;manage"设法做成”。根据前面的“looking on his own"可知,他自己去看,发现了一个小岛。故选B。
( )30.A. rebuilt 重建
B. discovered 发现
C.left 离开(leave的过去式)
D.managed 管理
在旱季给幼苗浇水对一个孤独的男孩来说是很困难的。
__31 C.Watering__ young plants in the dry season was __32 A.tough__ for a lone boy.
莫莱在每棵树苗的顶部都建了一个竹平台
Molai built at the __33 B.top__ of each sapling(幼树) a bamboo platform,
[要点透析]考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端搭建了一个竹台,在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。back“背部”;top“顶端”;foot“脚”;side"一边;一侧”。根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below."可知,水将滴在下面的植物上。由此推知,竹台应该在每棵树苗的顶端。故选B。
( )33.A.back 背部
B.top 顶端
C. foot 底部
D. side 侧面
在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。
where he placed earthen pots with small holes to __34 D.collect__ rainwater.
[要点透析]考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端搭建了一个竹台,在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。cool down“冷却下来”;keep off"(使)远离”;purify“净化;使纯净”;collect“收集”。由此可知,他将陶罐放到竹台上收集雨水。故选D。
( )34.A.cool down 平静下来
B.keep off (使)远离
C. purify 净化
D.collect 聚集
水会滴(滴落)下面的植物。
The water would then drip(滴落) on the plants below.
在接下来的37年里,莫莱继续种树。
Molai __35 D.continued__ to plant trees for the next 37 years.
[要点透析]考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里,Molai继续种树。return“返回”;learn“学会”;fail“失败”;continue“继续”。根据后一句可知,他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知,在接下来的37年里,他继续种树。故选D。
( )35. A. returned 返回
B.learned 学习
C.failed 失败
D.continued 继续
他的努力导致了1360英亩的自然生长的土地成为许多植物和动物的家。
His efforts have resulted in 1360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
许多人有收集东西的爱好,例如邮票、明信片或古董。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques.
在18世纪和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。
In the 18th and 19th centuries, __36 wealthy__(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
他们把这些收藏品放在家里,直到它们变得太大,或者直到他们去世,然后这些收藏品被捐给了博物馆。
They kept their collection at home until it got too big __37 or__ until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
[要点透析]考查连词。句意:他们把藏品放在家里,直到收藏数量变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,until it got too big 和until they died是两种可能性,应用连词or连接。故填or。
例如,汉斯·斯隆爵士(Sir Hans Sloane)收集的8万件物品,
The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,
构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。
__38 formed__(form) the core collection of the British Museum __39 which/that__ opened in 1759.
通常,博物馆的藏品只有一小部分在展出。
Often, only a small part of a museum's collection __41 is__(be) on display.
[要点透析]is 考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,时态应使用一般现在时;主语a small part of a museum's collection是单数概念,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
大部分都被储存起来或用于研究。
Most of it is stored away or used for research.
许多博物馆是热闹的地方,吸引了很多游客。
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors.
除了观看展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在不同的历史时期,或漫步在雨林中。。
As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine __42 themselves__(they) living at a different time in history or __43 walking__(walk) through a rainforest.