卷子（一）Paper One

65 分钟
65 minutes




男人： 你的专业是什么？
Man: What is your major?

女人： 英语。
Woman: English.

男人: 你打算用英语专业做什么?
Man: What are you going to do with English major?

女人： ______。我要成为一名教师
Woman: ___1__. D. I'm going to be a teacher.

男人： 高中还是初中?
Man: High school or middle school?

女人： 高中。
Woman: High school.

男人： ______。我教高中英语。
Man: ___2___. C. I teach high school English.

女人： 我还不知道呢。
Woman: I didn't know that.

男人： ______。我五年前开始教英语。
Man: ____3___. B. I started teaching five years ago.

女人： 你喜欢教英语吗？
Woman: How do you like it?

男人： 我非常喜欢。_____。我觉得这是最好的工作。
Man: I like it very much.____4___. A. I think it's the best job ever.

女人： 真的吗？
Woman: Really?

我觉得这是最好的工作。
A. I think it's the best job ever.

我五年前开始教英语。
B. I started teaching five years ago.

我教高中英语。
C. I teach high school English.

我要成为一名教师。
D. I'm going to be a teacher.



特蕾西： 你公寓里没有空调吗?这里太热了!
Tracey: Don't you have air-conditioning in your apartment? It's sweltering here!

爱丽丝: 嗯，有空调。你看到那边的窗户空调了吗? 问题是窗式空调功率不够大。
Alice: Well, there's air-conditioning. Did you see that window air-conditioner there? ___5__. C. The problem is that the window unit is not powerful enough.

特蕾西： 我想也不够大，呵呵
Tracey: I guess not, huh.

爱丽丝: 反正我也要搬出去。新公寓有中央空调。
Alice: Well, I'm going to move out anyway. The new apartment has central air-conditioning.

特蕾西： 你早就该搬出去了。
Tracey: ___6___. D. You should've moved out long, long ago.

爱丽丝: 我必须等到租约到期。所以...
Alice: Well, I had to wait until the lease expired. So....

特蕾西： 那你怎么能忍受这么热呢?
Tracey: ___7___. B. So how can you stand the heat?

爱丽丝: 我打开窗户，然后……打开电风扇。能好一些。
Alice: Well, I open the windows and... and I've got all electric fan here. It helps a little.


今年夏天出乎意料地热
A. This summer is unexpectedly hot.

那你怎么能忍受这么热呢?
B. So how can you stand the heat?

问题是窗式空调功率不够大。
C. The problem is that the window unit is not powerful enough.

你早就该搬出去了。
D. You should've moved out long, long ago.




维多利亚： 玛格丽特在吗?
Victoria: Hello, is Margaret there?

玛格利特： 我就是
Margaret: ___A. This is she.__. // 在电话中说“我就是” 不是Yes， I am. 而用 This is she

维多利亚： 你好，玛格丽特，我是十号公寓的房客。我想我厨房的水槽又堵了，浴缸也是。
Victoria: Hello, Margaret, this is the tenant of Apartment 10. I guess my kitchen sink is blocked up again, and so is the bathtub.

玛格利特： 好的，我明天派人过去。
Margaret: ___D. Alright, I'll send someone over tomorrow.__.

维多利亚： 嗯，如果你今天派人来修的话，我会很感激的。 真是太麻烦了! 我不能做饭，也不能洗澡
Victoria: Uhm, I'd really appreciate it if you would send someone to fix it today. __C. It's really a bother!__ I can't cook, or take a shower.

玛格利特： 好吧，我几分钟后就上去。
Margaret: Fine, I'll be up in a few minutes.

维多利亚： 谢谢。非常感谢。
Victoria: Thanks. I appreciate it.

我就是
A. This is she. // 在电话中说“我就是” 不是Yes， I am. 而用 This is she

是我
B. Yes, I am.

真是太麻烦了!
C. It's really a bother!

好的，我明天派人过去。
D. Alright, I'll send someone over tomorrow.







樱桃让人难以抗拒
There is something hard to resist about cherries.

这种红色的小水果在世界各地都很受欢迎。
The small red fruit is a popular seasonal food around the world.

据说樱桃原产于西亚。
Cherries are thought to be native to western Asia.

它和玫瑰是同一科植物。
It is a member of the same family of plants as the rose.

李子是它的近亲
It is closely related to the plum.

和樱桃树一样，李子树也在早春开花。
Like cherry trees, plum trees also flower in early spring.


世界上主要有两种樱桃:甜樱桃和酸樱桃。
There are two major kinds of cherries harvested in the world: sweet and sour.

酸樱桃不能直接吃，因为它们含糖量少。
Sour cherries are not eaten fresh because they contain little sugar.

相反，它们被加工成果冻和馅饼等预制食品，或是被制成酒精饮料。
Instead, they are processed to make prepared foods like jellies and pies and to make alcoholic drinks.

美国是酸樱桃的主要生产国。
The United States is a major producer of sour cherries.

在所有州中，密歇根州是最大的生产商。
Among the states, Michigan is the top producer.

俄罗斯、波兰和土耳其是其他重要的樱桃生产国
Russia, Poland and Turkey are other important cherry-producing nations.

甜樱桃比酸樱桃含有更多的糖，因些可以直接吃新鲜的
sweet cherries contain much more sugar than their sour relatives and are usually eaten fresh.

华盛顿州是美国最大的生产商
Washington State is the biggest American producer,

其次是加州和俄勒冈州。
followed by California and Oregon.

美国、伊朗和土耳其是甜樱桃的主要生产国。
the United States, Iran and Turkey are major producers of sweet cherries.

新鲜的樱桃不易储存。
Fresh cherries do not store well.

它们必须尽快上市。
They must reach market as soon as possible.

所以它们比许多其他种类的新鲜水果贵。
so they cost more than many other kinds of fresh fruit.


农民通过嫁接来生产不同种类的樱桃。
Farmers produce different kinds of cherries through the process of grafting.

他们从现有的树木上剪下枝条，然后把它们嫁接到相关的树木上。
They take cuttings from existing trees and join them to related trees.

插枝长成砧木，这样这两种树就能长成一体。
the cuttings grow into the root stock, so the two kinds of trees grow as one.


樱桃树春天开花也很好看。
cherry trees are also valued for their springtime blossom.

樱花在亚洲和欧洲的很多地方被称为杨树，特别是在日本。
cherry blossoms are poplar in many parts of Asia and Europe, especially in Japan.

但华盛顿特区有一些世界上最著名的樱桃树。
but Washington,D. C. has some of the most famous cherry trees in the world.

1912年，日本向美国赠送了3500棵樱花树作为友谊礼物。
Japan gave the United states 3500 cherry trees in 1912 as a gift of friendship.

数年后，日本又赠送了3800棵树作为礼物。
Years later Japan gave another gift of 3800 trees.

在20世纪80年代早期，
in the early nineteen eighties,

美国又送给日本一些小树苗，以帮助弥补日本在洪水中失去的树木
the United states provided Japan with cuttings to help replace Japanese trees lost in a flood

樱桃属于什么植物科?
11. what plant family does the cherry belong to?
A. Plum 李子
B. Apple 苹果
C. Rose 玫瑰花
D. Pear 梨树

根据文章，酸樱桃_____
12. according to the passage, sour cherries_____.
A. cannot be used as they are too sour 不能用，因为太酸了
B. are good raw material for food industry 是食品工业好的原料
C. are more heathy as they contain little sugar 因为含糖量少，所以更健康
D. can easily be made into alcohol 很容易制成酒精

美国最重要的甜樱桃生产商是_____
13. the most important sweet cherry producer in the US is _____.
A. michigan state 密歇根州
B. washington state 华盛顿州
C. california state 加利福尼亚州
D. oregon state 俄勒冈州

新鲜樱桃在市场上通常很贵，因为 _____
14. fresh cherries are usually expensive in the market, because______.
A. they are difficult to grow 它们很难生长
B. they should be transported by air 应该空运
C. they are easy to decay 它们很容易腐烂
D. they are hard to transport 它们很难运输

华盛顿特区最著名的樱桃树_____
15. some of the most famous cherry trees in Washington D.C._____.
A. grew from the cuttings given by Japan 是从日本给的插枝上长出来的
B. are survivals of a flood in Japan 是日本洪水中幸存的
C. blossom loner than the ones in other country 花开得比其他国家的都要长
D. were gifts from Japan long time ago 很久以前来自日本的礼物







美国的公立和私立高等教育有什么不同?
what are the differences between public and private in American higher education?

最大的不同就是钱
a big difference involves money.

公立学院和大学的教育收费与私立学校是一样的。
public colleges and universities charge for an education just like private schools.

但是公立学校的成本更低，因为他们可以从洲里得到资助。公立学校是为了教育当地的市民
but state schools cost less because they get money from the states that started them to educate local citizens.

因此，州外学生和国际学生通常比州内居民支付更多的学费
as a result, out-of-state and international students usually pay more than state residents,

至少第一年是这样
at least the first year


美国人口最多的州是加利福尼亚州，接近四千万。
the state with the most residents, almost forty million, is California.

它的两年制大专和四年制学院的大学数量是世界上最多的。
Its systems of two-year and four-year colleges and universities are among the largest in the world.

但我们今天要关注的例子是加利福尼亚州北部，
but the example we are going to focus on today is to the north of California,

位于西海岸一个小得多的州:俄勒冈州。
in a much smaller state on the West Coast : Oregon.


位于尤金的俄勒冈大学，
the University of Oregon, located in Eugene,

是俄勒冈大学系统中的一个校区。
is one of the campuses in the Oregon University system.

今年州内居民的本科生学费是6000美元，
the cost for undergraduates this year is $6000 for state residents,

住宿需要额外支付8000美元。
Housing is an additional $8000.

非本洲的学生支付同样的住房费用，但学费和其他费用将近2万美元
Non-residents pay the same for housing, but almost $20000 for tuition and fees


让我们看看这些数字与俄勒冈州的私立大学相比如何
let's see how these numbers compare to a private college in Oregon


波特兰的刘易斯克拉克学院有4000名学生，
lewis and clark college in Portland has 4000 students,

相比之下，俄勒冈大学有20000名学生。
compared to 20000 at the University of Oregon.

住房费用比公立学校多800美元。
Housing costs $800 more than at the state school.

但最大的区别是学费。
but the big difference is tuition.

《刘易斯和克拉克》的公布的学费接近34000美元。
the published price at lewis and clark is almost $34000.


然而，刘易斯克拉克学院是为数不多的为国际学生提供经济援助的美国大学之一。
yet lewis and clark is one of the few American colleges to offer financial aid for international students.

每年它向20名来自其他国家的学生提供奖学金。
Each year it awards financial aid to twenty students from other countries.

去年的平均奖学金是19000美元。
and it says the average award last year was 19000 dollars.

这将使刘易斯和克拉克大学对国际学生来说比俄勒冈大学更便宜。
that would make lewis and clark cheaper for international students than the University of Oregon.

但是，当然，价格本身并不能说明学校的质量或教育的价值
but, of course, prices alone do not say anything about the quality of a school or the value of an education


公立大学和私立大学的区别之一是_____
16. one of the differences betwwen public and private universities is_____.
A. private universities are usually smaller than the public ones. 私立大学通常比公立大学小
B. attending private universities is less expensive 上私立大学比较便宜
C. public universities require foreign student to pay more tuitions 公立大学要求外国学生支付更多的学费
D. public universities provide more financial aids to foreign students 公立大学为外国学生提供更多的经济援助

根据文章，俄勒冈大学系统_____
17. according to the passage, the oregon University system_____.
A. is located in Eugene 位于尤金
B. is part of the University of Oregon 是俄勒冈大学的一部分
C. charges more tuition this year 今年学费更高
D. has campuses in different places 校园在不同的地方

今年，俄勒冈大学的外国本科生应该支付学费 _____
18. this year a foreign undergraduate student in the university of oregon should pay_____.
A. an additional $8000 for the tuition 另外还有8000美元的学费
B. as much as the state residents 和本州居民一样多
C. less than a state resident if they can get financial aid 如果他们能获得财政援助，就会少于本州居民
D. $14000 more than state residents 比本州居民多14000美元

刘易斯克拉克学院的学费和住宿费是_____
19. the costs of tuition and housing in lewis and clark college are_____.
A. both more expensive than in the University of Oregon 都比俄勒冈大学贵
B. cheaper for foreign student than in the University of Oregon 对外国学生来说比俄勒冈大学更便宜
C. the same as that in the University of Oregon 和俄勒冈大学的情况一样
D. cheaper than those of the University of Oregon for the state residents 比俄勒冈大学的学费更便宜

我们可以从文章中得出结论，大学的成本和质量是_____
20. we can conclude from the passage that the cost and the quality of a university are_____.
A. the more the better 成本越高质量越好
B. the more the worse 成本越高质量越差
C. not necessarily related 没有必然联系
D. closely related 密切相关





10月是美国家庭暴力宣传月。
October is Domestic Violence Awareness Month in the United States.

这个议式是为了教育大家，关注这个每一年影响上百万人的社会问题。
the observance seeks to educate the public about this issue which affects millions of people each year.


五年前，联合国公布了一项关于家庭暴力的研究结果。
five years ago, the United Nations published results of a study about domestic violence.

报告发现，全世界有多达2.75亿儿童在家中目睹暴力。
it found that as many as 275 million children worldwide witness violence in the home.

这些男孩和女孩代表了一个不为社会所知的群体
these boys and girls represent a secret society of sufferers.

官方称他们是被遗忘的家庭暴力受害者。
officials say they are the forgotten victims of domestic violence.


研究表明，这类儿童在学校面临更大的问题、情绪障碍和滥用药物等风险
research shows such children face a greater risk of problems in school, emotional disorders, and drug abuse,

除此之外，许多在家里目睹暴力的儿童长大后自己也成为施虐者或受害者。
among other things many children who witness violence at home grow up to become abusers or victims themselves.

这就是为什么联合国儿童基金会称家庭暴力是“我们时代最重要的人权挑战之一”。
that is why the UN children's fund calls domestic violence "one of the most important human rights challenges of our times"


上周举行的国会听证会旨在教育美国政策制定者认识到这个问题。
the congressional hearing was held last week to educate American policy makers about the problem.


家庭暴力被定义为：任何针对他人的强权或控制力的行为
Domestic violence is defined as any form of behavior used to gain power or control over another person.

它可以包括言语、情感、身体或性虐待。
it can include verbal, emotional, physical or sexual abuse.


美国国家司法研究所和疾病控制中心表示，四分之一的美国妇女在其一生中会遭受某种形式的家庭暴力
The National institute of justice and the centers for disease control say one in four American women will suffer some form of domestic violence in her lifetime

每年有150万妇女遭受人身攻击或强奸。
one and a half million women are physically attacked or raped each year.

在美国，每天都有三名妇女死于家庭暴力。
in the United States, three women die each day because of violence in the home.


这个问题比这些数字所显示的更为普遍，
The problem is believed to be even more widespread than these numbers suggest,

许多家庭暴力案件从未被报道过。
many cases of domestic violence are never reported.

受害者常常觉得自己对所遭受的虐待负有责任。
victims often feel responsible for the abuse they suffer.

他们也会有强烈的羞耻感或不光彩感。
they also experience a strong sense of shame or dishonor.


这在男性中更是如此，他们不太可能报告虐待行为。
this is even truer among men, who are less likely to report abuse.

研究表明，每13个美国男人中就有一个是家庭暴力的受害者。
studies show that one in thirteen men in the United states is a victim of domestic violence.


家庭暴力宣传月旨在让这些问题公开化，
Domestic violence Awareness Month seeks to bring these issues out into the open,

让更多的人参与到解决方案中来。
and to get more people involved in finding a solution.

官员们表示，了解家庭暴力的真相可能有助于挽救生命，结束暴力循环。
officials say knowing the facts about domestic violence may help save lives and end the cycle of violence.


根据联合国5年前发表的研究报告_____
21. according to the United Nation's study published 5 years ago, _____.
A. more children than woman became victims of domestic violence 成为家庭暴力受害者的儿童比妇女多
B. chilren victims of domestic violence were previously neglected 家庭暴力的受害儿童以前被忽视
C. 275 million children in the US suffer from domestic violence each year 美国每年有2.75亿儿童遭受家庭暴力
D. children victims have organized a secret society of sufferers 受害儿童组织了一个秘密的受害者协会

针对儿童的家庭暴力应该得到更多的关注，因为_____
22. domestic violence against children should be paid more attention, because_____.
A. children are too young to bear the violence 孩子们太小，不能忍受暴力
B. more violence's case are against children than adults 针对儿童的暴力案件多于针对成年人的暴力案件
C. children's lives are impacted more seriously 儿童的生活受到更严重的影响
D. children can not protect themselves well 孩子们不能很好地保护自己

5段中的“verbal”一词的意思可能是_____
23. the word "verbal" in the 5 paragraph probably means_____.
A. something is expressed in speech 某物用言语表达
B. something related to violent actions 和暴力行为有关的东西
C. something that can cause strong feelings 能引起强烈感情的事情
D. something connection with a person's body 与人的身体有关的东西

根据国家司法研究所和疾病控制中心的报告_____
24. according to the report of the national institute of justice and the centers for disease control, _____.
A. 1.5 million American women experienced domestic violence in their lifetime 150万美国女性一生中经历过家庭暴力
B. 3 American women are killed in domestic violence each day 每天都有3名美国妇女死于家庭暴力
C. 3/4 American women victims are physically attacked or raped each year 每年有3/4的美国女性受害者遭受人身攻击或强奸
D. more than haft of the cases of domestic violence are never reported 有一半以上的家庭暴力案件从未被报告过

针对男性的家庭暴力案件_____
25. the cases of domestic violence against men are_____.
A. extremely few 很少
B. insignificant 不重要的
C. not included in the report 不包括在报告里
D. less likely to be reported 不太可能被报道








本月初
Earlier this month,

佛罗里达州立大学的研究人员凯文·比弗报告称，他和他的合作者已经发现了与学术成就相关的基因标记。
researcher Kevin Beaver of Florida state University reported that he and his co-authors had identified genetic markers associated with academic achievement.

他们的研究发表在《发展心理学》杂志上，
in their study, published in the journal developmental psychology,

科学家们发现，拥有三种特定基因的年轻人更有可能完成高中学业
the scientists found that young people who possessed particular forms of three genes were more likely to finish high school

比那些携带其他形式的基因的人更容易上大学。
and go on to college than those who carried other forms of the genes.

新发现的基因是调节大脑活动的，
the newly found genes are involved in regulating the actions in the brain,

在其他研究中，它与学习动机、注意力长短和智力水平有关。
and have been linked in other studies to levels of motivation, attention and intelligence.


的确，近年来，
it is true that in recent years,

科学家们已经有越来越多的研究表明，学习能力与特定的基因存在联系。
scientists have produced a growing number of studies linking the capacity to learn to specific genes.

例如，伦敦国王学院的一个团队，
a team at King's college Londom, for example,

发表了几篇文章，将数学能力与不同的DNA种类联系起来。
has published several articles relating ability in mathematics to different varieties in DNA.

根据该组织2010年的一项研究。如果孩子携带了被研究人员认定的10个或更多的“风险”基因，就有双倍的可能性学不好数学。
children who carried 10 or more of the "risk" genes identified by the researchers were nearly twice as likely to perform poorly in math, according to a 2010 study generated by the group.




在另一项实验中,
in another experiment,

科学家报告说，有些人拥有另外两种与大脑发育有关的基因
scientists reported that some individuals possess another two forms of genes involved in brain development

这可能使他们更容易学习比较难学的语言，如汉语。
that may make it easier for them to learn difficult languages like Chinese.


但是，科学家们长期以来一直警告不要将复杂的人类行为归因于少数基因的作用——
but scientists have long warned against attributing complex human behaviors to the action of a few genes --

而学习是我们所做的最复杂的事情之一。
and learning is among the most complex things we do.

这些学者们也意识到了这一点。
the authors of these studies acknowledge this.

“数学能力的强弱受到许多形式基因的影响，在整个能力系统中产生微小的影响，”
"Mathematical ability and disability are influenced by many forms of genes generating small effects across the entire system of ability,"

国王学院团队的负责人索菲亚·多赫蒂写道。
writes Sophia Docherty, who heads the King's college team.

此外，即使在基因的背景下，环境也很重要:
Moreover, environment matters, even in the context of genes:

多尔蒂的研究发现，那些携带这种“风险”基因的孩子，如果生活在混乱的家庭，并经常受到父母的指责和惩罚就特别容易学不好数学。
Docherty's research finds that children with the "risk" forms of genes were especially likely to do poorly in math when they lived in chaotic homes and had negative, punitive parents.

更普遍的研究表明，遗传因素约占教育成就因素的一半。
more generally research indicates that genetic factors account for about half of the elements in educational achievement.

科学家发现_____
26. scientists found that _____.
A. everyone is horn the same in the ability of learning 每个人的学习能力都是一样的
B. genes can not affect people's performance in learning 基因不会影响人们的学习成绩
C. there are some genes which make people learn better 有一些基因使人们学习得更好
D. genes are decisive factors for learning better 基因是更好学习的决定性因素

一些孩子在数学上表现不好可能是因为_____
27. some children perform poorly in mathematics probably because_____.
A. they don's have good genes for learning mathematics 他们没有学习数学的良好基因
B. they have laid a weak foundation in learning mathematics 他们学习数学的基础很薄弱
C. their parents neglected the child's early education in mathematics 他们的父母忽视了孩子的早期数学教育
D. their mathematics programs are too difficult for them 他们的数学程序对他们来说太难了

科学家还发现_____
28. scientists also found that _____.
A. some individuals possess completely different forms of genes 有些人拥有完全不同的基因
B. some people are born with talent in learning language 有些人天生就有学习语言的天赋
C. learning behaviors are complex to attribute the roles of genes 要把学习行为归因于基因的作用是很复杂的
D. mathematics is the most complex human brain action 数学是人类大脑中最复杂的活动

“混乱”这个词的意思可能是_____
29. the word "chaotic" probably means_____.
A. lower educated 低教育
B. in complete disorder and confusion 完全无序 和 混淆
C. looking after children poorly 照顾孩子不好
D. not in harmony 不对劲

我们得出结论_____
30. we can conclude that _____.
A. environment matters are even more important in learning 环境问题在学习中更加重要
B. more practice can make up the difference of genes 更多的实践可以弥补基因的差异
C. some people can never learn well no matter how hard they do 有些人无论如何努力也学不好
D. some one is born brighter than others 有些人生来就比别人聪明









人们担心世界会变得拥挤，容不下这么多人。
31. there has been the fear__that__the world will become to crowded to accommodate so many people.
A. which(哪一个)
B. where(在哪里)
C. about(关于)
D. that(那个)
解析：fear 后应是同位语从句

大多数读过这本书的人都给予了好评，使它更受欢迎。
32. most of those__who have read__this book give a favorable review, making it more popular.
A. having read(已经读了（read的现在完成时）)
B. to have read(必读)
C. who have read(读过)
D. have read
解析：分词完成时不能作定语， 而to have done 此处不合适，只有定语从句最佳。

老师应该耐心地回答课后提出问题的人。
33. a teacher is expected to be patient to __whoever__ asks any questions after class.
A. any one(任何的)
B. anybody(任何人)
C. whoever(无论谁)
D. whomever(无论谁（whoever 的宾格）)
解析：whoever引导的从句可作主语和宾语

家人对我很失望。我帮不了你，但是这次只能成功
34. I have been a disappointment to the family. I can't help you but __succeed__ this time.
A. to succeed(成功)
B. succeed(成功)
C. succeeding( 成功；接替（succeed 的现在分词）)
D. success(成功)
解析：注意下列结构的不同形式：
I can't help doing,
I can't help but do(只能),
I have no choice but to do,
I want nothing but to do sth,
I do nothing but do sth

看到警察走过来，司机赶紧把车刹住。
35. __seeing__ the policeman approaching, the driver brought his car to a halt quickly.
A. saw(看见（see 的过去式）)
B. having seen(已看过（seen是see的过去分词）)
C. seen(看见（see 的过去分词）)
D. seeing(看见（see 的现在分词）)
解析：虽然从句表示的动作先发生，但由于是瞬间完成的，而且主句表示反应或行动，不用完成时。

小学老师必须想办法让学生们保持兴趣
36. primary school teachers have to find ways to keep school-children __interested__.
A. interested(感兴趣的)
B. interesting(引起兴趣的)
C. interests(使…感兴趣（interest的第三人称单数形式）)
D. from interesting
解析：keep school-children interested 保持孩子的兴趣

在路边你可以看到一片稻田和几十栋房子
37. by the roadside you call see a patch of rice field and dozens of houses__beyond__.
A. beneath( 在……之下)
B. above(在……之上)
C. over(在……上面)
D. beyond(越过)
解析：要考虑房屋与稻田的地理关系，比较合理的是"过了稻田就是房子"

下雨天，人们需要注意避免被泥水弄脏。
38. on rainy days, people need to take care to avoid __being spoiled__ by muddy water.
A. spoiled(糟蹋)
B. to be spoiled(被破坏)
C. spoiling(破坏（spoil的现在分词）)
D. being spoiled
解析：avoid 要求接动名词，而且是被弄脏

在炎热的夏天在这个古老的小镇呆上几天真是太有趣了
39. what__great fun__ it is to stay in this ancient town for a couple of days in hot summer.
A. agreat fun(伟大的乐趣)
B. great fun(非常有趣)
C. great a fun(多么伟大的一个有趣的)
D. greatly funny(非常的有趣)
解析：这是感叹句，而fun是不可数名词

要想中国的教育更成功，就需要引入更多的改革。
40. more reforms need to be introduced if education in china __is to__ be more successful.
A. will(想要)
B. is to(将要做)
C. shall(应该)
D. must(必须)
解析：be to 常用于if引导的状语从句，表示按计划，但国外用 be going to 的人也不少。

奇怪的是，他忽略了几十年的临床研究，只支持他遇到的一些奇怪的神话。
41. oddly enough, he ignored decades of __clinical__ research in favor of some strange mythology he came across.
A. contrary(相反的)
B. contradictory(反对的)
C. conditional(假定的)
D. clinical(临床的)

某些药物可以防止病毒从孕妇传染给她的孩子。
42. certain drugs can prevent transmission of the __virus__ from a pregnant mother to her child.
A. vegetation(植物)
B. virus(病毒)
C. poison(毒药)
D. cell(细胞)


花点时间清理你的大脑可以提高你的精神和免疫力
43. taking time to clear your mind can improve your spirits-and your __immunity__.
A. immunity(免疫力)
B. community(社区)
C. unity(团结)
D. solidarity(团结一致)

高血压是一个应该经常监测的危险因素
44. high blood pressure is a risk factor that should often be __monitored__.
A. operated(运转)
B. conducted(管理)
C. performed(执行)
D. monitored(监控)

来自世界各地的运动员将在北京争夺冠军
45. athletes from all over the world will __compete__ for championships in Beijing.
A. complete(完整的)
B. compete(竞争)
C. compensate(补偿)
D. concentrate(集中)

多亏了有效的安全措施，心脏手术不再像以前那样危险了
46. thanks to effective security measures, heart operations are __no longer__ as dangerous as before.
A. even more(更多地)
B. to date(至今)
C. no longer(不再)
D. once again(再一次)

少雨和高温加剧了这些贫困地区的缺水。
47. little rain and higher temperature have __worsened__ the shortage of water in these poor areas.
A. eased(放松)
B. worsened(恶化,变得更坏)
C. excluded(排除的)
D. improved(改良的)

这种药物被认为可以减缓或防止脂肪在动脉中的积聚
48. the drugs are thought to slow or prevent fatty __buildup__ in the arteries.
A. buildup(集结)
B. outbreak(爆发)
C. make-up(化妆品)
D. passers-by(过路人)

值得注意的是，这款SUV的平均燃油效率也将达到一辆汽车的平均水平，而排放只有传统汽车的一小部分
49. remarkable, the SUV will also achieve the average fuel efficiency of a car with a fraction of conventional __emissions__.
A. emissions(排放)
B. equipment(设备)
C. consumption(消费)
D. protection(保护)

在电子邮件中，她女儿说她的实验进行得很顺利。
50. in the e-mail her daughter said she was __getting along__ well with the experiments.
A. coming along(出现)
B. getting along(和睦相处)
C. walking along(向前走)
D. taking along(带上)
解析： get along well with 进展顺利








每年，随着商品价格的上涨， 通货膨胀也不可避免的影响到高等教育机构。
every year, as the price of goods rises, the inflation refuses to __51 stay away__ even from the high educational institutions.
     51. A. stay away
     B. stand out
     C. step down
     D. set offer
     解析： 这是一道词组题 stay away： 离开；外出。 stand out: 站出来；坚持抵抗。 step down: 逐步减低；下台。 set off: 出发；动身。

在美国。根据大学理事会2011年的一项调查， 学费在州立大学，平均每年增长7.1%
in the US. according to a 2011 survey by the college board, __52 tuition__ at state universities rose by an average of 7.1 percent annually,
     52. A. fares
     B. payment
     C. charges
     D. tuition
     解析：这是一道词汇题，考近义词辨析。
     该题的四个选项都有费用的意思，但用法不同。fare单指车船费； payment 是指付款、报酬；charge 指收取服务费等； tuition专指学费


在通货膨胀不太严重的一年之后
after a year when inflation grew much less.

在私立学校，这一数字上升了5.9%。
at private schools it was up 5.9 percent.

该调查涵盖了3000多所学院和大学，但他没有明确的给出学费不断增长的原因，它确实说，在学校里商品和服务的价格涨的很快。
the survey which __53 covered__ more than 3000 colleges and universities did not provide clear reasons for the continued increases it did say that the price of goods and services at universities have risen rapidly.
     53. A. attended
     B. covered
     C. included
     D. composed
     解析：这是一道词汇题，考动词的用法。
     cover:涵盖，涉及。 include:包括。 compose:组成。


一些增长最快的是员工健康福利和专业人员的薪水。
some of the fastest growth has been in employee health __54 benefits__ , and professional salaries.
     54. A. welfares
     B. advantages
     C. benefits
     D. goods
     解析：这是一道词汇题，考名词的用法。
     welfare:一般指社会福利、福利事业等； advantage:优势，有利条件； benefit: 利益，好处； goods: 货物。


学校的生活费用也有所增加
living expenses on campus have also __55 gone up__ .
     55. A. rolled up
     B. gone up
     C. sat up
     D. taken up
     解析：这是一道词组题。
     go up:上升，增长。 roll up:卷起，达到。 sit up: 坐起；熬夜。 take up: 拿起，开始从事。


在加利福尼亚南方大学的学生食堂
at the university of southern california student dining hall,

2010年，一顿自助餐的价格是5.5美元。但现在是9美元
a buffet meal cost $5.50 in 2010. but now it's $9.

美国政府经常为小学和高中的学生提供午餐援助，
the US government often provides __56 financial__ assistance to students' lunch in primary and high schools,
     56. A. management
     B. economic
     C. policy
     D. financial
     解析：该题是要求考生从上下文中理解该句的意思，四个词都不难，但从上下文看应为财政资助。


但这些优惠政策通常不能惠及大学
but these favorable policies usually don't __57 apply to__ universities.
     57. A. apply to
     B. suit for
     C. adjust to
     D. gear for
     解析：这是一道词组题，考近义词组辨析。
     apply to: 应用于；适用于。 suit for: 适合于。 adjust to:适应；调解。 gear to: 调整；适合；换档。

一些学生说，校园里的食物有时甚至比学校外的饭店更贵
some students said the food on campus is sometimes even more expensive than that at restaurants __58 off__ campus.
     58. A. in
     B. to
     C. off
     D. over
     解析：该题考对上下文的理解，前面说了校园里的食品，这里应为校园外，off campus：校园外


为了补偿学费和生活费的上涨，
to compensate the rise in tuition and living expenses,

联邦和州政府以及大学的私人机构已经为学生提供了补助金
the federal and state governments __59 as well as__ universities and private sources have provided __60 grants__ for students.
     59. A. as well as
     B. the same as
     C. as far as
     D. such as
     解析：这里是考对文章的理解，这里说除了联邦政府和州政府以外大学和一些私人机构也向学生提供补助金。as well as: 也，以及。
    
     60. A.grasps
     B. grains
     C. grounds
     D. grants
     解析：这是一道词汇题，考相形词的辨析。grasp:抓住；掌握。 grain:粮食，谷物。 ground: 地面；范围。 grant: 补助金。

在所有全日制本科生中，大约62%的人获得了涵盖其学费30%至50%的助学金，
of all the full time undergraduates about 62 percent have a grant covering 30-50 percent of their tuition,

根据大学委员会的说法。
according to the college board.





当然，一定程度的依赖他人不仅是好的，而且是必要的。
of course a certain amount of dependence on others is not only good, but necessary.

孩子必须依赖父母;
children must be dependent on their parents;

弱者必须依靠强者，病人必须依靠健康人。
and the weak must depend on the strong, and the sick on the well.

从某种意义上说，我们所有人，即使是最独立和自力更生的人，
and in a sense, all of us, even the most independent and self-reliant,

都是相互依赖的。
are dependent on one another.

无论如何，在文明社会里，任何人都不可能制造出他所需要的所有东西。
at any rate, in civilized society, it is impossible for anyone to make all the things he needs.

没有人能生产出他所需要的食物和衣服。
No man can produce all the food and clothes he wants.

他只能生产一种或两种东西，其他的必须通过交换或从别人那里购买来获得，
he can only produce one or two things, and must get all the others by exchange or purchase from others,

他们都在做同样的事情。
who are doing the same thing.

因此，在一个社区中，每个人都依赖于为他人服务，而他自己则为他人的需要作出贡献。
so in a community everyone is dependent on the service of others, while he himself contributes to the needs of others.

拥有业余爱好的优点或缺点
the advantages or disadvantages of Having Hobbies

大多数人都有爱好，我认为这很好，因为爱好可以给他们带来很多好处。
most people have hobbies, and I think this is very good, because hobbies can bring them many advantages.

首先，爱好可以使无聊成为过去，
first of all, a hobby can make boredom a thing of the past,

因为这个爱好可以用有趣和有建设性的活动来填补他们的空闲时间。
because the hobby can fill their empty hours with interesting and constructive activities.

例如，每当我感到无聊的时候，我喜欢园艺，我会去我的阳台照顾植物和欣赏美丽的花。
for example, I like gardening whenever I feel bored, I would go to my balcony to take care of the plants and enjoy the beautiful flowers.

然后我就会感到放松。
then I would feel relaxed.

爱好也可以增加自尊心。因为知道自己是某方面的专家可以增加一个人的信心。
a hobby can also add to the sense of self-esteem. because knowing oneself is an expert at something can increase one's confidence.

第三，爱好可以让一个人接触新的和有趣的人。
thirdly, a hobby can bring one in contact with new and interesting people.

拥有相同爱好的人是友谊的极好来源。
other people who share the same hobby are an excellent source of friendship.

例如，喜欢唱歌的人已经组织了一些唱歌组织，他们中的许多人已经成为亲密的朋友。
for example, people who like singing have organized some singing organizations, and many of them have become close friends.


爱好往往可以给那些投入时间和精力的人带来很多好处。所以我认为我们都应该有爱好。
Hobbies can often bring a lot of advantages to the people who invest time and energy in them. so I think we all should have hobbies.